Inflammatory factors driving atherosclerotic plaque progression new insights

Abstract

Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to varying degrees of blood flow obstruction and a common pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory factors run through the whole process of atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils play important roles in the process of atherosclerotic inflammation. Considering the evolutionary characteristics, atherosclerosis can be divided into different stages as early atherosclerotic plaque, plaque formation stage, and plaque rupture stage. In this paper, the changes in inflammatory cells at different stages of lesions and their related mechanisms are discussed, which can provide new insights from a clinical to bench perspective for atherosclerosis me chanism.

Causal Relationship between Mitochondrial-Associated Proteins and Sepsis in ICU Patients: A Mendelian Randomization Study

“…CUP3 might regulate calcium ion uptake within cells, notably within mitochondria . Calcium ions play an instrumental role in myriad biochemical and signal transduction pathways. , Mitochondrial calcium levels influence ATP production, enzymatic activities, and, in certain instances, cellular death pathways. , Within the context of sepsis, impaired cellular stress responses and mitochondrial functions are well-established. CUP3 could be crucial in maintaining mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, thus safeguarding mitochondrial functionality.…”

Polymorphism of IL‐12/IL‐23 axis is associated with coronary heart disease

“…The Tag SNPs selection principles were as follows 24 : (1) Minimum allele frequency (MAF) >0.05, r 2 > 0.8. (2) SNPs reported to be associated with inflammation in the literature is preferentially selected. (3) SNP located in promoter and exon region is preferentially selected.…”

“…In recent years, accumulating studies indicated inflammation are closely related to the progression of CHD 1,2 . Interleukins (ILs) are inflammatory cytokines involved in pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory responses through interactions with a variety of receptors, such as Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) 3 .…”

Immuno-modulatory role of baicalin in atherosclerosis prevention and treatment: current scenario and future directions

“…Inflammation is a critical driver at all stages of AS, with chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory signaling pathways ( 5 ) playing pivotal roles. The NF-κB signaling pathway, in particular, promotes AS by increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-1, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and TNF-α.…”