Inflammatory response during slow- and fast-twitch muscle regeneration

Zimowska, Małgorzata; Kasprzycka, Paulina; Bocian, Katarzyna; Delaney, Kamila; Jung, Piotr; Kuchcinska, Kinga; Kaczmarska, K.; Gladysz, Daria; Stremińska, Władysława; Ciemerych, Maria A.

doi:10.1002/mus.25246

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…There are other cellular players (e.g., eosinophils, fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, and regulatory T-cells) and derived molecules (e.g., IL-4 and IL-33) involved in the inflammatory resolution and the regeneration phase of muscle healing ( Burzyn et al, 2013 ; Heredia et al, 2013 ; Sciorati et al, 2016 ; Schiaffino et al, 2017 ) but association of these cell types with MGF is not entirely clear. Of note, dynamics of inflammatory cells and the profiles of inflammatory cytokine vary between muscle fiber types upon muscle injury ( Zimowska et al, 2017 ). It is possible that MGF differentially regulates inflammatory responses between muscles of unique fiber-type compositions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Mechano-Growth Factor Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Resolution in Skeletal Muscle Injury

Sun

Cheung

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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In muscle regeneration, infiltrating myeloid cells, such as macrophages mediate muscle inflammation by releasing key soluble factors. One such factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression and mediates macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory phenotype during muscle injury. Previously the IGF-1Ea isoform was shown to be anti-inflammatory. Another isoform of IGF-1, mechano-growth factor (MGF), is structurally and functionally distinct from IGF-1Ea, but its role in muscle inflammation has not yet been characterized. In this study, we hypothesized that MGF expression in muscle injury modulates muscle inflammation. We first investigated changes of transcription and expression of MGF in response to skeletal muscle injury induced by cardiotoxin (CTX) in vivo. At 1–2 days post-injury, Mgf expression was significantly upregulated and positively correlated with that of inflammatory cytokines. Immunostaining revealed that infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages coincided with Mgf upregulation. Furthermore, infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages expressed Mgf, suggesting their contribution to MGF upregulation in muscle injury. Macrophages seem to be the predominant source of MGF in muscle injury, whereas neutrophil depletion did not affect muscle Mgf expression. Given the association of MGF and macrophages, we then studied whether MGF could affect macrophage infiltration and polarization. To test this, we overexpressed MGF in CTX-injured muscles and evaluated inflammatory marker expression, macrophage populations, and muscle regeneration outcomes. MGF overexpression delayed the resolution of macrophages, particularly the pro-inflammatory phenotype. This coincided with upregulation of inflammatory markers. Annexin V-based flow cytometry revealed that MGF overexpression likely delays macrophage resolution by limiting macrophage apoptosis. Although MGF overexpression did not obviously affect muscle regeneration outcomes, the findings are novel and provide insights on the physiological roles of MGF in muscle regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Mechano-Growth Factor Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Resolution in Skeletal Muscle Injury

Sun

Cheung

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…Fast twitch muscle has fewer satellite cells than those of slow twitch resulting in differences in the course of muscle regeneration (Collins and Partridge, 2005). Differences depicted in fast twitch fibers include the TGF-β expression pattern, early activation of the myogenic regulatory factors, and better regeneration efficiency (Zimowska et al, 2009(Zimowska et al, , 2017. After injury, satellite cells are activated by expression of early myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD and Myf5.…”

Section: Pm Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation via Supervised Machine Learning of the Broiler Pectoralis Major and Liver Transcriptome in Association With the Muscle Myopathy Wooden Breast

et al. 2020

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“…Inflammation seems to be linked with muscle fibre composition. The pro-inflammatory cytokine profile is different between the soleus (oxidative) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (glycolytic) muscles of mice [124]. Soleus muscle regeneration is associated with elevated and prolonged inflammation as compared to EDL [124].…”

Section: Inflammatory Response To Exercise/training and Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pro-inflammatory cytokine profile is different between the soleus (oxidative) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) (glycolytic) muscles of mice [124]. Soleus muscle regeneration is associated with elevated and prolonged inflammation as compared to EDL [124]. In mouse skeletal muscle, an inhibition of the slow-to-fast muscle fibre type transition by pyrroloquinoline quinone was reported to be due to a decrease in the expression of cytokine genes [125].…”

Section: Inflammatory Response To Exercise/training and Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle to High-Intensity Exercise/Training and Hypoxia

Atakan

et al. 2020

Antioxidants

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High-intensity exercise/training, especially interval exercise/training, has gained popularity in recent years. Hypoxic training was introduced to elite athletes half a century ago and has recently been adopted by the general public. In the current review, we have summarised the molecular adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to high-intensity exercise/training, focusing on mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and muscle fibre composition. The literature suggests that (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) PGC-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α) might be the main mediators of skeletal muscle adaptations to high-intensity exercises in hypoxia. Exercise is known to be anti-inflammatory, while the effects of hypoxia on inflammatory signalling are more complex. The anti-inflammatory effects of a single session of exercise might result from the release of anti-inflammatory myokines and other cytokines, as well as the downregulation of Toll-like receptor signalling, while training-induced anti-inflammatory effects may be due to reductions in abdominal and visceral fat (which are main sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Hypoxia can lead to inflammation, and inflammation can result in tissue hypoxia. However, the hypoxic factor HIF1-α is essential for preventing excessive inflammation. Disease-induced hypoxia is related to an upregulation of inflammatory signalling, but the effects of exercise-induced hypoxia on inflammation are less conclusive. The effects of high-intensity exercise under hypoxia on skeletal muscle molecular adaptations and inflammatory signalling have not been fully explored and are worth investigating in future studies. Understanding these effects will lead to a more comprehensive scientific basis for maximising the benefits of high-intensity exercise.

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Inflammatory response during slow- and fast-twitch muscle regeneration

Abstract: Muscle repair efficiency differs by muscle fiber type. The inflammatory response affects the repair efficiency of slow- and fast-twitch muscles. Muscle Nerve 55: 400-409, 2017.

Cited by 29 publications

References 82 publications

Overexpression of Mechano-Growth Factor Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Resolution in Skeletal Muscle Injury

Overexpression of Mechano-Growth Factor Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Resolution in Skeletal Muscle Injury

Evaluation via Supervised Machine Learning of the Broiler Pectoralis Major and Liver Transcriptome in Association With the Muscle Myopathy Wooden Breast

The Molecular Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle to High-Intensity Exercise/Training and Hypoxia

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