Influence d'apports de matière organique sur la culture de mil et d'arachide sur un sol sableux du Nord-Sénégal. I. — Bilans de consommation, production et développement racinaire

Cissé, L.; Vachaud, G.

doi:10.1051/agro:19880406

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…2) Within any given year, although yield responds strongly to a wide range of management options, ET is relatively conservative. Not surprisingly, therefore, it has been difficult to predict pearl millet yield from ET in West Africa, e.g., in Senegal (Cissé and Vachaud, 1988) and Niger (Klaij and Vachaud, 1992) The lack of a linear relation contrasts yield/ET data of many dense canopied crops, for example, those of grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Stewart, 1989) and maize ( Zea mays L.) (Hanks, 1983)…”

Section: Yield‐et Relations Of Pearl Milletmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies in West Africa have concluded that low soil fertility is more of a production constraint than low water supply (Cissé and Vachaud, 1988; Payne et al, 1990a; Klaij and Vachaud, 1992; van Duivenbooden and Cissé, 1993). Therefore, the effect of plant nutrition on m is of particular interest.…”

Section: The Coefficient Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the close linkage between shoot growth and root growth, environmental stresses that lead to poor canopy development can also lead to poor root development. This affects water relations because plants have a smaller soil volume from which to extract water (Cissé and Vachaud 1988; Payne et al 1990a), and increased resistance to water uptake (Campbell, 1977). Payne et al (1996b) observed a pronounced increase in root length density of pearl millet in most soil depth layers in response to P application.…”

Section: Rooting Systems Of Sparse Canopied Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Crop Water Use in Sparse Stands of Pearl Millet

Payne

2000

Agronomy Journal

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of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (Stewart, 1989) and maize (Zea mays L.) (Hanks, 1983). Most of current theory on crop water use-yield relations has beenThe poor correlation between yield and ET is largely developed for intensively managed crops with well-developed canodue to the relative insensitivity of ET to management pies. In most agricultural systems of semiarid West Africa, low input levels and endemic environmental stress predominate. In farmers' for crops with leaf area indices Ͻ2 (Ritchie, 1983). For fields, leaf area index (LAI) of the staple grain, pearl millet [Pennipredictive purposes, Forest et al. (1990) and Payne setum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], may never reach 1. In contrast to dense (1997) used different empirical linear equations to relate canopied crops, pearl millet yield is little correlated with ET . Reduced pearl millet yield to ET as management intensity LAI decreases ET efficiency (kg dry matter mm Ϫ1 evaporation from changed. Forest et al. (1990), for example, estimated crop and soil surfaces) because evaporation (E ) from the soil surface pearl millet yields in Senegal using values of 3 kg grain constitutes a large portion of ET. Additionally, atmospheric water ha Ϫ1 mm Ϫ1 ET for the best of farmers' conditions, and vapor pressure deficit (e*-e) increases within sparse canopies due to 10 kg ha Ϫ1 mm Ϫ1 for intensive, researcher-managed consensible heat transfer from the soil surface, and small and irregular ditions. Such empirical equations, developed using qualroughness length of the canopy. Greater (e*-e) further decreases crop T efficiency (kg dry matter mm Ϫ1 transpiration) and therefore ET itative categorization of management intensity, may efficiency. Under low-input conditions, pearl millet ET efficiencieshave practical applications, such as forecasting regional are roughly one-third of those obtained under intensive management, food production. However, they are of limited sciensuggesting that T efficiency is also reduced by environmental stress, tific value. especially soil nutrient deficiency. Environmental stresses also causeWhen LAI is small, a large fraction of solar radiation poor root development, which results in reduced crop water supply, is intercepted by the soil surface rather than by the plant and increased resistance to water uptake. Optimizing crop water use canopy. Therefore E typically constitutes a much larger of sparse pearl millet stands will require some form of nutrient input. fraction of ET than would normally be observed inOther appropriate technologies include certain forms of intercropping dense canopy crops, especially when the soil surface is and agroforestry that have been traditionally practiced in parts of wet (Ritchie, 1972). For this reason, in sparse stands West Africa. These can improve soil nutrient availability, increase effective crop cover, and reduce canopy (e*-e). Abbreviations: LAI, leaf area index; E, evaporation from the soil W.A. Payne, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 6500 Amarillo surface; ET, crop transpiration ϩ E...

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Section: Yield‐et Relations Of Pearl Milletmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Coefficient Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rooting Systems Of Sparse Canopied Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimizing Crop Water Use in Sparse Stands of Pearl Millet

Payne

2000

Agronomy Journal

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“…In moderate VPD environments and for crops with full ground cover (LAI >3-4), estimates of WUE (total aboveground dry mass/seasonal ET) for pearl millet range between 300 and 400 kg ha À1 cm À1 (Chaudhuri and Kanemasu, 1985;Singh et al, 1983), which is comparable to other C4 cereals. However, for traditional low-density, low-input millet crops in areas characterized by high VPD, published estimates of WUE range from as low as 50-150 kg ha À1 cm À1 in unfertilized crops to 150-250 kg ha À1 cm À1 with added fertility (Cisse and Vachaud, 1988;Klaij and Vachaud, 1992;Payne, 1997). In the absence of a full crop cover in traditional low-density millet crops, system ET is poorly related to crop growth; direct soil evaporation in such crops effectively replaces what in a more complete canopy would be transpired water, absorbed from soil surface layers by shallow roots.…”

Section: Water Use Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, low available soil nutrient supplies affect root as well as canopy growth (Cisse and Vachaud, 1988;Payne et al, 1996) so nutrient scavenging ability may be limited where it is most needed. The rooting pattern of longer-duration African genotypes suggests that they should have the ability to effectively scavenge nutrients present in very low concentrations in the soil, both because of the large soil volume their roots can explore, the long vegetative period they have to do this, and the potential of VAM colonization to enhance nutrient uptake.…”

Section: Nutrient Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%