Influence of 4 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation on neutrophil and mucosal immune responses to prolonged cycling

Abstract

13Bovine colostrum (COL) has been advocated as a nutritional countermeasure to 14 exercise-induced immune dysfunction. The aims of this study were to identify the 15 effects of 4 weeks of COL supplementation on neutrophil responses and mucosal 16 immunity following prolonged exercise. In a randomised double-blind, parallel group 17 design, participants (age 28 ± 8 years; body mass [BM] 79 ± 7 kg; height 182 ± 6 cm; 18 maximal oxygen uptake [ ! VO 2 max] 55 ± 9 mL·kg-1 ·min -1 ) were assigned to 20 g per 19 day of COL (n = 10) or an isoenergetic/isomacronutrient placebo (PLA) (n = 10) for 4 20 weeks. Venous blood and unstimulated saliva samples were obtained before and 21 after 2.5 h of cycling at 15% Δ (~ 55-60% ! VO 2 max). A significantly greater fMLP-22 stimulated oxidative burst was observed in the COL group compared with PLA group 23 (p < 0.05) and a trend toward a time × group interaction (p = 0.06). However, there 24 was no effect of COL on leukocyte trafficking, PMA-stimulated oxidative burst, 25 bacterial-stimulated neutrophil degranulation, salivary secretory IgA, lactoferrin or 26 lysozyme (p > 0.05). These findings provide further evidence of the beneficial effects 27 of COL on receptor-mediated stimulation of neutrophil oxidative burst in a model of 28 exercise-induced immune dysfunction. 29

The effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on in vivo immunity following prolonged exercise: a randomised controlled trial

“…If there were any modulatory effects of COL on performance or stress responses, this could also contribute indirectly to effects on the immune responses. However, the present findings of similar leukocyte trafficking, and physiological measures, between groups (along with similar findings in the previous studies that also found no difference in stress hormone responses, e.g., [18,19]), suggest that subjects in this study were exposed to a matched exercise-induced stress, supporting the previous evidence that the effects of COL are not due to such indirect mechanisms.…”

“…The mechanism(s) behind such effects remain unclear, but it has been proposed that it is linked to COL reducing perturbations in cellular immunity following prolonged exercise [17]. We have previously demonstrated that COL blunts the decrease in blood neutrophil effector functions following prolonged exercise [18,19]. Shing et al [20] observed a prevention of a post-exercise decrease in cytotoxic/suppressor T cells during an intensive period of training.…”

Impaired Blood Neutrophil Function in the Frequent Exacerbator of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study

“…As described previously [21], neutrophil phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)- and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(fMLP)-stimulated oxidative burst were assessed by a chemiluminescence (CL) kit (ABEL ® 04 M, Knight Scientific Ltd, Plymouth, UK) incorporating the light-emitting protein Pholasin ® . The CL per well was measured by a microplate luminometer (FLUOstar OPTIMA, BMG Labtech, Aylesbury, UK).…”

“…For fMLP, CL was recorded every second for 300 s. The area under the unstimulated CL curves was subtracted from stimulated curves of the same sample to determine PMA- or fMLP-stimulated oxidative burst. To calculate responses on a per-cell basis in whole blood, area under the CL curve was expressed as the number of neutrophils (in well) only as the contributions of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils in our 1:1010 final dilution of blood are considered to be insignificant [21, 22]. …”

Benefits of Super Food and Functional Food for Companion Animals

“…Other researchers have identiied improvements in disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, leaky gut syndrome, and ulcers [62,63]. Colostrum supplementation has helped to improve performance in horses by its apparent ability to stimulate neutrophil's oxidative response following prolonged exercise [64].…”