Influence of a layer‐by‐layer‐assembled multilayer of anti‐CD34 antibody, vascular endothelial growth factor, and heparin on the endothelialization and anticoagulation of titanium surface

Abstract

The endothelialization of the metal surface of vascular stents came into focus as a new method for improving the biocompatibility of intravascular stents. This article has its focus on building a biofunctional layer on the activated titanium surface with anti-CD34 antibody, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and heparin by a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique, to promote the endothelialization of the surface. When compared with titanium surface, the number of adhered endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on LBLs increased 47.1% after 5 days culture, meanwhile the proliferation rate of EPCs on LBLs during 5 days culture also exhibit significantly improvement. The results of blood compatibility evaluation clearly show that the LBLs reduce the number of adhered and activated blood platelets (adhered: Ti 83% vs. LBL <20% and activated: Ti 57% vs. LBL 19%), and the activated partial thromboplastin time of the LBL surface prolonged about 20 s in compared with platelet-poor plasma. The assembled LBL thus improves the thromboresistance of the titanium surface. The presented biofunctional multilayer of anti-CD34, VEGF, and heparin on titanium can significantly improve the blood compatibility and the endothelialization of a medical device. The biofunctional layer supports generation of a new endothelium onto titanium surface by capturing EPCs and oriented differentiation.

Fabrication of endothelial progenitor cell capture surface via DNA aptamer modifying dopamine/polyethyleneimine copolymer film

“…Subculture were performed by trypsinization when a degree of confluency >80% was obtained, and cultured in a-MEM supplemented with 15% FBS and 20 ng/ml vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (PeproTech Inc. USA). After 4 passages the cells were designated as EPCs according to their morphology and positive expression of CD34 and VEGFR-2, which are the two typical EPC surface markers [38,39].…”

Multifunctional silk–heparin biomaterials for vascular tissue engineering applications

“…Controlled VEGF delivery has been achieved, for example, by encapsulating this growth factor into particles (e.g., [13]) that are embedded in the scaffold [14] or by direct inclusion of VEGF into the scaffold [15]. Emerging concepts exploit the heparin binding motif of VEGF [3, 16]; heparin functionalized grafts improve VEGF release kinetics and stability in addition to modulating receptor affinity [17, 18]. _ENREF_4 The bifunctional role of heparin, which serves both as a reservoir for VEGF and a means to improve hemocompatibility, makes this biopolymer particularly attractive for vascular engineering applications.…”

Statins in conditions other than hypocholesterolemic effects for chronic subdural hematoma therapy, old drug, new tricks?

“…EPCs promote vascular repair of denuded vessel walls and renew endothelium [18] through various processes including mobilization and differentiation [19]. Many factors such as trauma and hematomas mobilize EPCs from the bone into the peripheral bloodstream [20]. These mobile EPCs home to damaged tissue and differentiate into mature endothelial cells that promote vascular repair [21–23].…”