Influence of aging on visual perception and visual motor integration in Korean adults

Abstract

This study investigated age-related changes of cognitive function in Korean adults using the Korean-Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (K-DTVP-2) and the Visual Motor Integration-3rd Revision (VMI-3R) test, and determined the main factors influencing VP and VMI in older adults. For this research, 139 adults for the K-DTVP-2 and 192 adults for the VMI-3R, from a total of 283 participants, were randomly and separately recruited in province, Korea. The present study showed that the mean score of the K-DTVP-2 and VMI-3R in 10-yr age increments significantly decreased as age increased (K-DTVP-2, F= 41.120, P< 0.001; VMI-3R, F= 16.583, P< 0.001). The mean score of the VMI-3R and K-DTVP-2 were significantly decreased in participants in their 50s compared to those in their 20s (P< 0.05). Age (t= −9.130, P< 0.001), gender (t= 3.029, P= 0.003), and the presence of diseases (t= −2.504, P= 0.013) were the significant factors affecting K-DTVP-2 score. On the other hand, age (t= −6.300, P< 0.001) was the only significant factor affecting VMI-3R score. K-DTVP-2 score (Standardized β= −0.611) decreased more sensitively with aging than VMI-3R (Standardized β= −0.467). The two measurements had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.855, P< 0.001). In conclusion, it can be suggested that VP and VMI should be regularly checked from an individual’s 50s, which is a critical period for detecting cognitive decline by aging. Both the K-DTVP-2 and VMI-3R could be used for determining the level of cognitive deficit by aging.

The Role of Neuropsychological Function Tests in Predicting Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly

“…Serious changes occur in the perceptual-motor system with increasing age. Perceptualmotor adaptability and hand-eye coordination decrease with increasing age [18,19,48,49]. Some studies have reported that changes in visual functions, particularly a decrease in motor visual integration, are the first significant sign of AD [12,13].…”

“…Also, some studies found that the visual-motor disintegration was related to MCI [14][15][16][17]. With increasing age, adaptive visual-motor coordination (hand-eye coordination) decreases [18,19]. In Iran, a study showed that the elderly with AD have poor perfor-mance on the Bender-Gestalt test in which higher rates of error are a sign of brain damage in these patients [20].…”

Effects of a Memory and Visual-Motor Integration Program for Older Adults Based on Self-Efficacy Theory

“…Memory, the ability to restore and recall information such as words, faces, and events [1], and visual-motor integration, the ability to integrate physical movement with sensory information from visual perception [2], are most susceptible to changes at the early stage of cognitive decline [3,4]. Decline in memory and visual-motor integration causes various problems in performing almost all activities of daily living, such as saying words and names in conversation, remembering a phone number or a promise, finding things, writing and drawing, or changing positions.…”

“…Traditional ity of life because it coordinates and executes physical activities along with visual perception and commands from the central nervous system for daily living activities such as eating, walking, and writing [4]. The concept of visual-motor integration was originally developed to distinguish learning difficulties in children' s cognitive development and to improve their academic achievement and adaptation in school.…”

“…The concept of visual-motor integration was originally developed to distinguish learning difficulties in children' s cognitive development and to improve their academic achievement and adaptation in school. It has been applied in recent studies to detect and ascertain cognitive decline in older adults [4,17] because those with cognitive decline frequently show a decline in visual-motor integration at the initial stage [3,4]. For intact visual-motor integration, various and extended brain areas must be used to recognize visual stimuli and to plan and execute movements.…”