Influence of Air Annealing on High Efficiency Planar Structure Perovskite Solar Cells

Raga, Sonia R.; Jung, Min-Cherl; Lee, Michael V.; Leyden, Matthew R.; Kato, Yuichi; Qi, Yabing

doi:10.1021/cm5041997

Cited by 255 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The reaction is accelerated on TiO 2 substrates that were prepared with an alcohol and annealed at 500-700°C, 35 which is particularly relevant to PSC. 3,8,10,11,13,14,25,32,35,36,41,42 Alternatively, transamidation can also be catalyzed by water 21 or an acid (e.g., HI) 22 ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A transition at this temperature can explain why temperatures higher than 90°C, often 100°C, have been preferred for successful annealing of perovskites. [12][13][14]25,[35][36][37][38][39][40] At around 90°C, the DMF complex (D) disappears concomitant with the appearance of perovskite peaks [P, Fig. 5(b)].…”

Section: Phase Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transamidation will consume one methylamine and replace it with one DMA, moving toward a 2:1 ratio of carbon to nitrogen. During annealing, MAI leaves the sample, 25,37,39,43,46 lowering the nitrogen, carbon, and iodine content in equal amounts. A combination of these two effects can be observed in Fig.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization By Xpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2(a)]. 25 Solar cell current-voltage (i-V) response was measured using a Newport Oriel Sol 1A solar simulator (Newport Corp., Bozeman, Montana) with 1-sun (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm 2 ) illumination. The intensity varies within 65% of the calibrated value, which is comparable to the original article.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Transamidation of dimethylformamide during alkylammonium lead triiodide film formation for perovskite solar cells

et al. 2016

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Perovskite-based solar cells, typically CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , have reached power conversion efficiencies on par with single crystal silicon solar cells. Perovskite cells prepared with the most common perovskite solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by different research groups exhibit disparate efficiencies and stability for nominally identical perovskite films. Although the differences can be related to processing conditions, a consistent physical cause for the differences has been lacking. Highly-sensitive time-offlight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) reveals significant dimethylamine (DMA) included in perovskite films. TOF-SIMS and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest DMA levels ranging from roughly 10-50%. Only the highest levels register as perovskite peak shifts in xray diffraction; lower levels are invisible. We propose that methylamine (MA) can react with DMF solvent by transamidation to produce dimethylamine (DMA), which then displaces some MA in perovskite crystals, see Fig. 1. Transamidation of DMF can be catalyzed by TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , water, or acid, but in perovskite films transamidation is inhibited by water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Characterization By Xpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transamidation of dimethylformamide during alkylammonium lead triiodide film formation for perovskite solar cells

et al. 2016

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“…Compared to the one-step method, the two-step deposition is known to provide better control of the composition, the thickness, and the morphology of the organic-inorganic perovskite films, thus resulting in higher performance PSCs. 8,22,23 In particular, low-temperature all solution-based processes have attracted considerable attention due to their ease of synthesis and low-cost. However, the low solubility of metal halide precursors in organic solvents has been identified as a limiting factor for possible further improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite thin films for planar solar cells via pulsed laser deposition

et al. 2016

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We report on fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite thin films using a hybrid method consisting of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of lead iodide and spin-coating of methylammonium iodide. Smooth and highly crystalline CH3NH3PbI3 thin films have been fabricated on silicon and glass coated substrates with fluorine doped tin oxide using this PLD-based hybrid method. Planar perovskite solar cells with an inverted structure have been successfully fabricated using the perovskite films. Because of its versatility, the PLD-based hybrid fabrication method not only provides an easy and precise control of the thickness of the perovskite thin films, but also offers a straightforward platform for studying the potential feasibility in using other metal halides and organic salts for formation of the organic-inorganic perovskite structure.

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Photoluminescence Enhancement in Formamidinium Lead Iodide Thin Films

Fang

Wang

Adjokatse

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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current-voltage characteristics of perovskite solar cells, an anomalous hysteresis is present. [17][18][19] This affects the stability of the power output under working conditions and leads to considerable error in evaluating real effi ciencies. This hysteresis has been speculated to originate from trapping/detrapping of charge carriers within or near the surface, ferroelectric properties of hybrid perovskite ion migration. [ 18,20,21 ] The photophysics of perovskite thin fi lms and their device performance have been shown to change upon illumination in a number of recent publications. [22][23][24][25][26][27] It was discovered that a new, red-shifted peak appears in the photoluminescence spectra of mixed-halide hybrid perovskites under 1-sun illumination. [ 23 ] The carrier diffusion length in MAPbBr 3 (Cl)-based solar cells was demonstrated to increase about 3.5 times upon laser illumination. [ 28 ] The open-circuit voltage and fi ll factor of solar cells were reported by Hu et al. to continuously increase with illumination while the short-circuit current experiences a fast increase and then a decrease upon further light exposure. [ 20 ] These illumination-induced variations of the device performance suggest that important light-induced processes are occurring in the active material. It is therefore important to study these phenomena to improve the performance and stability of hybrid perovskite photovoltaic devices.Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) is a relatively, newly developed perovskite material that can potentially provide better performance than methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) because of its narrower bandgap, which allow absorption of photons over a broader range. [ 6,7,[29][30][31][32] Moreover, FAPbI 3 exhibits negligible hysteresis during current-voltage measurements. [ 33,34 ] In this work, the room temperature photophysical properties of FAPbI 3 thin fi lms under different environments are investigated. We observed light-induced enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity when samples are exposed to air while under continuous ultraviolet light illumination. The role of nitrogen and oxygen on the photophysical properties of the fi lm is further investigated. We demonstrated that moisture plays a fundamental role in the light-healing effect in FAPbI 3 thin fi lms. Results and DiscussionFAPbI 3 perovskite thin fi lms were deposited on FTO-coated glass substrates by spin-coating from equimolar mixtures of Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) has a broader absorption spectrum and better thermal stability than the most famous methylammonium lead iodide, thus exhibiting great potential for photovoltaic applications. In this report, the light-induced photoluminescence (PL) evolution in FAPbI 3 thin fi lms is investigated. The PL intensity evolution is found to be strongly dependent on the atmosphere surrounding the samples. When the fi lm is exposed to air, its photoluminescence intensity is enhanced more than 140 times after continuous ultraviolet laser illumination for 2 h, and the average lif...

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Influence of Air Annealing on High Efficiency Planar Structure Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 255 publications

References 37 publications

Transamidation of dimethylformamide during alkylammonium lead triiodide film formation for perovskite solar cells

Transamidation of dimethylformamide during alkylammonium lead triiodide film formation for perovskite solar cells

Fabrication of organic-inorganic perovskite thin films for planar solar cells via pulsed laser deposition

Photoluminescence Enhancement in Formamidinium Lead Iodide Thin Films

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