Influence of chemical and physical characteristics of cement kiln dusts (CKDs) on their hydration behavior and potential suitability for soil stabilization

The role of ettringite in the deterioration of artificial lime stabilised soils: a microstructural study

“…In EDX6 shows the emission spectrum of small cubic structures high in Ca, Si and O. This is possibly a calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) cementing product similar to that found by Peethamparan et al, (2008) . …”

Strengthening montmorillonitic and kaolinitic clays using a calcium-based non-traditional additive: A micro-level study

“…Additionally, many non-traditional stabilizing compounds have a proprietary chemical composition, which makes it difficult to evaluate the chemical stabilizing mechanisms that may occur for a given soil type, and which also consequently makes it difficult to predict their performance for use as a soil stabilizer in practice. In recent years, a number of researchers have reported on engineering property improvement of soils stabilized with non-traditional calcium-based additives (e.g., Horpibulsuk et al, 2012Horpibulsuk et al, , 2013Hossain and Mol, 2011;Kampala and Horpibulsuk, 2013;Latifi et al, 2016aLatifi et al, , 2016cMarto et al, 2014;Peethamparan et al, 2008;Sukmak et al, 2013;Turkoz et al, 2014;Phetchuay et al, 2016 andPhummiphan et al, 2015). Little information is readily available on the corresponding mineralogical, morphological, molecular and microfabric characteristics of high swelling and non-swelling low strength clays that are stabilized with non-traditional additives; this information is essential for understanding the chemical stabilization mechanisms that are involved with non-traditional additives (Tingle et al, 2007).…”

Cement industry: sustainability, challenges and perspectives

“…Also, there is a continuous interest in the utilization of CKD. It has been used in soil adjustment (Peethamparan et al 2008) or sewage treatment or even in concrete manufacture (Maslehuddin et al 2009). …”