Influence of Culture Medium Composition and Light Conditions on the Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds in Shoot Cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. (American Skullcap) Grown In Vitro

Abstract

Methanolic extracts from in vitro grown Scutellaria lateriflora shoots cultured on five Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium variants supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under different light conditions (monochromatic light, white light and no light) were analysed by HPLC for three groups of metabolites: flavonoids (26 compounds), phenolic acids and their precursors (19+2) and phenylethanoid glycosides (2). The analyses revealed the presence of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and verbascoside. There was clear evidence of the influence of plant growth regulators and light conditions on the accumulation of the analysed groups of secondary metabolites. The amounts of the compounds changed within a wide range—for the total flavonoid content, 30.2-fold (max. 1204.3 mg·100 g−1 dry weight (DW)); for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5.5-fold (max. 33.56 mg·100 g−1 DW); and for verbascoside, 1.5-fold (169.15 max. mg·100 g−1 DW). The best medium for the production of most of the compounds was the Murashige and Skoog variant with 1 mg l−1 BAP and 1 mg l−1 NAA. For verbascoside, the best ‘productive’ medium was the MS variant supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP and 2 mg l−1 NAA. The accumulation of the metabolites was stimulated to the greatest extent by blue light, under which the extracts were found to contain the highest total amount of flavonoids and the highest amounts of flavonoid glucuronides, baicalin and wogonoside, as well as of verbascoside. Their amounts were, respectively, 1.54-, 1.49-, 2.05- and 1.86-fold higher than under the control white light.

LED illumination and plant growth regulators’ effects on growth and phenolic acids accumulation in Moluccella laevis L. in vitro cultures

“…In contrast, Chen et al (2016) boosted content of chlorogenic acid in Peucedanum japonicum calli by adding infrared wavelengths to the light spectrum. Conversely, in another Lamiaceae plant, Scutellaria lateriflora, the blue light induced significant increase in accumulation of phenolic metabolites (Kawka et al 2017). Similar influence was noticed, for example, in Schisandra chinensis, Aronia melanocarpa, and Verbena officinalis (Szopa and Ekiert 2016;Kubica et al 2017;Szopa et al 2017Szopa et al , 2018.…”

Response of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis to light stress in in vitro: physiological study

“…For example, low and high intensity of UV-B radiation lead to increase production of glycyrrhizin in root tissue of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Afreen et al 2005) and under low light irradiance roots synthesized more glycyrrhizic acid, than control plants (Hou et al 2010). Moreover, Kawka et al (2017) showed that various light regimes caused differences in the quantity of phenolic compounds in shoot culture of Scutellaria lateriflora.…”

Endogenous production of specific flavonoids and verbascoside in agar and agitated microshoot cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. and biotransformation potential

“…catalpol), phenylpropanoid glycosides (e.g. verbascoside), phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, ferulic, protocatechuic and rosmarinic acids) and cinnamic acid (Kawka et al 2017;Upton and DAyu 2012). Chemical components found in this species determine its sedative and anticonvulsant properties (Kim et al 2014;Zhang et al 2009).…”