Influence of Diverging Section Length on the Supersonic Jet Delivered from Micro-nozzle: Application to Cold Spray Coating Process

Belbaki, Abderrahmane; Mebdoua-Lahmar, Yamina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41468-3_39

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The internal dimensions of the Laval nozzle affect the particle acceleration [33]. A lot of relevant works have been performed, as shown in Table 1 [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Most of the published studies focus on the optimization of the nozzle expansion ratio (the ratio of exit to throat cross-sectional area) [34][35][36][37] and divergent length [34,[36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of relevant works have been performed, as shown in Table 1 [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Most of the published studies focus on the optimization of the nozzle expansion ratio (the ratio of exit to throat cross-sectional area) [34][35][36][37] and divergent length [34,[36][37][38]. Some researchers have used high-pressure cold spray systems to prepare pure titanium coatings to protect magnesium alloys [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Different studies on the internal dimensions of the Laval nozzle [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Note: Y: yes, N: no, and N/A: not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V: Special Nozzle Design Using Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) shows great potential in titanium-alloy production as it is a solid-state process. However, data published so far have demonstrated the difficulty of producing dense and high-strength Ti alloy parts. Our previous studies have shown that nozzle design together with high-cost helium propulsive gas plays a crucial role in particle acceleration. In this work, special nozzles for Ti alloy were designed and validated experimentally with commercially available Ti6Al4V powder. Simulation results show that particle impact temperature increases remarkably for a long convergent length, while particle kinetic energy slightly increases, which is validated by experiments. The relationship between the particle impact temperature and practice diameter shows the first increase and then decrease. The experimental results show that as the nozzle convergent section becomes longer, the edges of the single-pass deposits become smoother, and the width, density, deposition efficiency, and microhardness of the single-pass deposits increase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V: Special Nozzle Design Using Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Coatings

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A Novel Cold Spray Process Flow Technique - a Numerical Investigation

Kowalski

Błasiak

Pietrowicz

2023

Preprint

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Advancements in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Process, Materials, Optimization, Applications, and Challenges

Kafle,

Silwal,

Koirala

et al. 2024

Materials

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Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is a cutting-edge high-speed additive manufacturing process enabling the production of high-strength components without relying on traditional high-temperature methods. Unlike other techniques, CSAM produces oxide-free deposits and preserves the feedstock’s original characteristics without adversely affecting the substrate. This makes it ideal for industries requiring materials that maintain structural integrity. This paper explores strategies for improving material quality, focusing on nozzle design, particle size distribution, and fine-tuning of process parameters such as gas pressure, temperature, and spray distance. These factors are key to achieving efficient deposition and optimal bonding, which enhance the mechanical properties of the final products. Challenges in CSAM, including porosity control and achieving uniform coating thickness, are discussed, with solutions offered through the advancements in machine learning (ML). ML algorithms analyze extensive data to predict optimal process parameters, allowing for more precise control, reduced trial-and-error, and improved material usage. Advances in material strength, such as enhanced tensile strength and corrosion resistance, are also highlighted, making CSAM applicable to sectors like aerospace, defense, and automotive. The ability to produce high-performance, durable components positions CSAM as a promising additive-manufacturing technology. By addressing these innovations, this study offers insights into optimizing CSAM processes, guiding future research and industrial applications toward more efficient and high-performing manufacturing systems.

show abstract

Influence of Diverging Section Length on the Supersonic Jet Delivered from Micro-nozzle: Application to Cold Spray Coating Process

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V: Special Nozzle Design Using Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation

Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V: Special Nozzle Design Using Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation

A Novel Cold Spray Process Flow Technique - a Numerical Investigation

Advancements in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Process, Materials, Optimization, Applications, and Challenges

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