Influence of Drying Method on Flavonoid Content of Cosmos caudatus (Kunth) Leaves

Sukrasno, Sukrasno; Fidriany, Irda; Anggadired, Kusnandar; Handayani, Wafiq Auliana; Anam, Khairul

doi:10.3923/rjmp.2011.189.195

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The values recorded in this study were found to be lower than the values of 5.15 g QE/100 g and 7.35 g GAE/100 g, respectively, reported by Abdullah et al (2011). This might be caused by the loss of constituents when the leaves were subjected to drying, grinding, and heating (Sukrasno et al, 2011). Alternatively, it has been shown that plants originating from different geographical locations may vary in their phytochemical profiles and compositions (Filippini et al, 2010).…”

Section: Characterisation Of Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adipogenesis is a highly regulated process which requires coordinated expression and activation of several transcription factors (Wolfram et al, 2006;Choi et al, 2006). These include peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (C/EBPδ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) (Filippini et al, 2010;Sukrasno et al, 2011). The addition of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine and dexamethasone will induce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ, which eventually initiate adipocyte differentiation (Wolfram et al, 2006).…”

Section: Determination Of Anti-adipogenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea and var. angustifolia on 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Woon

Seng

Ling

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: This study examined the anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidia and var. angustifolia, a natural slimming aid, on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: Methanol and water extracts of leaves of the F. deltoidea varieties were analyzed to determine their total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC), respectively. The study was initiated by determining the maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of the methanol and water extracts for 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Possible anti-adipogenic effects were then examined by treating 2-d post confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with either methanol extract or water extract at MNTD and half MNTD (½MNTD), after which the preadipocytces were induced to form mature adipocytes. Visualisation and quantification of lipid content in mature adipocytes were carried out through oil red O staining and measurement of optical density (OD) at 520 nm, respectively. Results: The TFCs of the methanol extracts were 1.36 and 1.97 g quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g dry weight (DW), while the TPCs of the water extracts were 5.61 and 2.73 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g DW for var. deltoidea and var. angustilofia, respectively. The MNTDs determined for methanol and water extracts were (300.0±28.3) and (225.0±21.2) µg/ml, respectively, for var. deltoidea, while much lower MNTDs [(60.0±2.0) µg/ml for methanol extracts and (8.0±1.0) µg/ml for water extracts] were recorded for var. angustifolia. Studies revealed that the methanol extracts of both varieties and the water extracts of var. angustifolia at either MNTD or ½MNTD significantly inhibited the maturation of preadipocytes. Conclusions: The inhibition of the formation of mature adipocytes indicated that leaf extracts of F. deltoidea could have potential anti-obesity effects.

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Section: Characterisation Of Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Anti-adipogenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea and var. angustifolia on 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Woon

Seng

Ling

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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“…The decreased of flavonoid and polyphenol when dried at temperature around 50 o C might be due to the activity of polyphenoloxidase 22 and this explanation has also been proposed 20,19,23,24 . The possibility of flavonoid decreased due to Mailard reaction is unlikely takes place at 60 o C, in addition pre-heating at 80 o C and 100 o C produced Cosmos leaves with higher level of flavonoids compared to that of 60 C 8,25,26 .…”

Section: Drying Of Crude Drugmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Boiling has been reported to substantially increas flavonoid content of Cosmos leaves 8 . Kaempferol 3-Ogentiobioside substantially increase in heat treated Cassia alata leaves.…”

Section: Heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Secondary Metabolite Contents Following Crude Drug Preparation

Sukrasno

2014

Procedia Chemistry

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Crude drug is commonly prepared by directly drying of freshly harvested plant organ or after slicing. These processes may decrease or maintain the content of the desired metabolites presence in the crude drug. Plant rhizome can be directly sliced followed by drying or after storage at certain period. Certain rhizome can maintain the secondary metabolites after being stored for three months (12 weeks), while others decreased just after being stored for two weeks. Drying process can be performed under the sun or in an air circulated oven with temperature not higher than 60 C. Phenolic content of crude drugs on the other hand is the lowest if it is dried at 60 C. Drying at 40 C, 80 C and 100 C produce crude drug with higher phenolic content compared to those dried at 60 C. This may associated with the activity of peroxidase that has optimal activity at 60 C. At above 60 C, the activity of peroxidase may decrease due to the degradation of the enzyme. Moist treatment of fresh material may increase the content of the secondary metabolites. Boiling of Cosmos caudatus leaves increased the content of the flavonoid glycoside. However, part of the flavonoid was presence in the aliquot that hamper further step of crude drug preparation. Steaming of potato peels increased the chlorogenic acid content. From these observations, steaming can be considered as one of pre-treatment steps in the preparation of crude drugs prior drying process. The increase of flavonoid glycoside in Cosmos caudatus leaves upon boiling has been confirmed not due to the increase the extractability of the flavonoid. The increase of key enzyme activity that involved in the biosynthetic pathway upon moist-heat treatment need to be further studied

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“…It has been identified as one of the ten commonly used medicinal plants in Malaysia for treatment of type 2 diabetes [17]. C. caudatus contained a variety of bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, quercetin, proanthocyanidin, chlorogenic acid and catechin [18–21]. C. caudatus has been reported to have an extremely high antioxidant capacity of about 2500 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) per 100 g of fresh samples as compared to orange and guava which had 142 mg and 270 mg AEAC, respectively [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam raja) supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Cheng

Ismail

Joseph

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus is a major health threat worldwide. Cosmos caudatus is one of the medicinal plants used to treat type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety of C. caudatus in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolomic approach will be carried out to compare the metabolite profiles between C. Caudatus treated diabetic patients and diabetic controls.Methods and designThis is a single-center, randomized, controlled, two-arm parallel design clinical trial that will be carried out in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. In this study, 100 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes will be enrolled. Diabetic patients who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to two groups, which are diabetic C. caudatus treated(U) group and diabetic control (C) group. Primary and secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The serum and urine metabolome of both groups will be examined using proton NMR spectroscopy.DiscussionThe study will be the first randomized controlled trial to assess whether C. caudatus can confer beneficial effect in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results of this trial will provide clinical evidence on the effectiveness and safety of C. caudatus in patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02322268

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Influence of Drying Method on Flavonoid Content of Cosmos caudatus (Kunth) Leaves

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea and var. angustifolia on 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea and var. angustifolia on 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Changes in Secondary Metabolite Contents Following Crude Drug Preparation

Effect of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam raja) supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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