Influence of extracting solvent on pharmacological activity and cytotoxicity of Polygonum minus, a commonly consumed herb in Southeast Asia

Abstract

Objective:To investigate the antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effect of aqueous and methanol extract of leaves of Polygonum minus.Materials and Methods:Acute antihyperlipidemic effect was studied on chemically induced hyperlipidemic rat model. Treated groups received aqueous and methanol extract of leaves of P. minus respectively (1000 mg/kg; oral) whereas standard treated group received atorvastatin (60 mg/kg; oral) for 3 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at fixed intervals for lipid profile analysis. Antioxidant effects were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. The total flavonoids content and total phenolic contents were also estimated. Cytotoxicity of both extracts was studied on one normal and three cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay method.Results:The methanol extract showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.01), LDL (P < 0.05), VLDL (P < 0.01), atherogenic index (P < 0.001), and elevation of HDL (P < 0.05) levels than the aqueous extract. Similarly, the antioxidant investigations also demonstrated that the methanol extract had higher antioxidant capacity than aqueous extract. Both extracts were not toxic to normal (EA.hy926) as well as to cancer (HCT116, HT29, and HeLa) cells. Significant correlation was demonstrated between total phenolic and total flavonoids contents with the antioxidant activity but not with the antihyperlipidemic effect, suggesting other groups of chemical constituents may be mainly responsible for the antihyperlipidemic effect of this plant.Conclusion:The study demonstrated that the presence and extent of bioactivities are influenced by solvents used for extraction. This study confirmed the antihyperlipidemic effect of leaves of P. minus in acute hyperlipidemic rat model.SUMMARY Polygonum minus is an herbaceous flowering plant.This plant possess high amount of phenolics and flavonoidsThis study focused on the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antihyperlipidemic effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of leaves of P. minusThe extracts possess significant antioxidant activity and antihyperlipidemic activity but they are not toxic to normal and cancer cells tested.The antioxidant activity is well correlated with phenolic and flavonoids contents but the antihyperlipidemic activity is not correlated with antioxidant effect. Abbreviations used: CVDs: Cardiovascular diseases, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, DDPH: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, TPTZ: 2,4,6,-tris(1-pyridyl)-5-triazine, ABTS: 2,2’-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline Sulfonate], HDL: High-density lipoprotein, VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, EC50: Half maximal effective concentration, LD50: Median lethal dose.

The effects of six months Persicaria minor extract supplement among older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

“…Increased lipid peroxidation is thought to be a consequence of oxidative stress and it is associated with Alzheimer’s disease [ 52 ]. Our findings can be supported by the preclinical study, which suggested that P. minor extract possessed an antihyperlipidemic effect by significantly reduced lipid levels (total cholesterol, TG, and LDL) in a rat model [ 53 ]. It has been suggested it could be due to the flavonoids myricetin and quercetin that present in the P. minor extract.…”

Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes

“…The decreased activity of ALT and AST indicated the hepatoprotective nature of the POLM. The POLM possesses a significant concentration of flavonoids and secondary metabolites, including quercetin, which is believed to be responsible for hepatoprotective activity [ 17 , 61 ]. Farag and El-Rayes [ 62 ] revealed the hepatoprotective effect of quercetin from bee pollen in broilers, which has an ability to restrict oxidative damage to the liver.…”

“…P. odorata is a perennial herb that can grow up to 1.0 m in lowlands and 1.5 m in hilly areas. This plant possesses long and lanceolate leaves measuring 0.5–2.0 cm in width and 5–7 cm in length [ 16 , 17 ], and is used traditionally and regularly in Southeast Asian cuisine. P. odorata has many common names, such as Vietnamese cilantro and Vietnamese mint.…”

“…The dried grounded leaves of P. odorata contain 3.5% crude protein, 0.83% crude fat, 10.66% crude fiber, and 1.83% ash [ 18 ]. It is a powerful antioxidant [ 17 ] that contains essential oils [ 19 ] and flavonoids [ 20 ]. Among these flavonoids, myricetin, quercetin, gallic acid, and coumaric acid are essential bioactive compounds [ 21 ].…”

Application of Ionic Liquid as a Green Solvent for Polyphenolics Content Extraction of Peperomia pellucida (L) Kunth Herb

“…22,23,24 Briefly, a total of 20 µl (1000 ppm) of the extract solution or the standard solution was added to 100 µl reagent 25% Folin-Ciolcalteu solution, homogenized for one minute, and allowed for 4 minutes. Then a 75 µl sodium carbonate solution was added and homogenized for one minute.…”