Influence of generalized external potentials on nonlinear tunneling of nonautonomous solitons: Soliton management

V-shaped dark solitons in inhomogeneous optical fibers

“…Since the theoretical prediction and experimental confirmation of optical solitons [1,2], they have been the research object of ultra-fast optics, optical communication and all-optical ultrafast switching devices [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Among those applications, soliton control is one of the important issues to investigate universal phenomena and provide a unique exploration tool, and some attention has been paid to study soliton control [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…On the one hand, soliton control for bright solitons has been extensively studied [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Some types of solitons have been obtained with the different choices of the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) of inhomogeneous optical fibers [13][14][15].…”

“…Interactions between butterflyshaped pulses have been investigated to improve pulse qualities in inhomogeneous optical fibers [16]. Soliton control and management using generalized external potentials in inhomogeneous optical fibers have been presented based on solving the variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger (vcNLS) equation [17]. Besides, the manipulation of the deceleration or acceleration of soliton emitted from Airy pulse has been studied [18].…”

Impact of the self-steepening effect on soliton spectral tunneling in PCF with three zero dispersion wavelengths

“…In general, solitons only exist in the anomalous dispersion region, where dispersion broadening can be balanced by nonlinear self-compression [3,4] . Nevertheless, a significant advance has been the realization that when an optical soliton, undergoing Raman-induced frequency shift (RIFS), approaches one of the zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs), it may be able to tunnel through a forbidden region of the normal group-velocity dispersion (GVD) between two anomalous dispersion regions and transfer its energy to a new soliton in the latter anomalous dispersion region [5,6] . This phenomenon shares a lot of similarities with the quantum mechanical tunneling across a latent barrier, thus named soliton spectral tunneling (SST) [7][8][9] .…”

“…Furthermore, a fiber with a limited normal GVD region sandwiched between two anomalous ones is required for the generation of SST. When an ultrashort pulse propagates in such a fiber, higher-order nonlinear effects such as the selfsteepening (SS) effect and Raman scattering influence their spectra and shapes [6,13,14] . The strong nonlinearity of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) makes the SS significantly affect the propagation of high-order solitons.…”