Influence of high temperature and humidity on rumen bacterial diversity in Holstein heifers

Tajima, Kiyoshi; Nonaka, Itoko; Higuchi, Kouji; Takusari, Naozumi; Kurihara, Mitsunori; Takénaka, Akio; Mitsumori, Makoto; Kajikawa, Hiroshi; Aminov, Rustam

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.12.001

Cited by 154 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…With increased mean retention time of forage the digesting time increases, which may enhance digestibility of structural carbohydrates (Silanikove, 1992). The total concentrations of rumen SCFA decreased in most experiments conducted in hot environments (Weldy et al, 1964;Schneider et al, 1988;Martz et al, 1990;Tajima et al, 2007). The authors explained the lower concentrations by reduced dry matter intake.…”

Section: Impacts On Quantity and Quality Of Fodder Productionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…While water intake increased and feed intake decreased (Schneider et al, 1988;Lu, 1989; Beatty et al, 2006;Beatty et al, 2008; Bernabucci et al, 2009;O'Brien et al, 2010), digestibility increased in hot environments (McDowell et al, 1969;Martz et al, 1990;Tajima et al, 2007). It has been stated that a decrease in dry matter intake causes lower passage rates from the rumen (Christopherson and Kennedy, 1983;Martz et al, 1990; Bernabucci et al, 1999; Bernabucci et al, 2009), and thus the mean retention time increases (McDowell et al, 1969;Schneider et al, 1988).…”

Section: Effects Of Climate Change On Ruminal Fermentation and Structmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Warren et al (1974) and Lippke (1975) observed increased mean retention times of forage and increased digestibility of structural carbohydrates in the rumen of heatstressed steers. The production of SCFA decreased in most experiments with decreased acetate and increased propionate molar percentages (Kelley et al, 1967;Gengler et al, 1970;Tajima et al, 2007). Concentrations of butyric acid as well as acetate-propionate ratios are inconsistent between the experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded that a lower ruminal SCFA concentration could not be explained by changes in rumen temperature. Uyeno et al (2010) found in the rumen of heat-stressed heifers with decreased dry matter intake and decreased concentrations of SCFA (Tajima et al, 2007) decreasing fibrolytic and increasing saccharolytic bacteria. Bernabucci et al (2009) observed a decrease in rumen cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria counts in heat-stressed ewes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Gauly

Bollwein

Breves

et al. 2013

Animal

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It is well documented that global warming is unequivocal. Dairy production systems are considered as important sources of greenhouse gas emissions; however, little is known about the sensitivity and vulnerability of these production systems themselves to climate warming. This review brings different aspects of dairy cow production in Central Europe into focus, with a holistic approach to emphasize potential future consequences and challenges arising from climate change. With the current understanding of the effects of climate change, it is expected that yield of forage per hectare will be influenced positively, whereas quality will mainly depend on water availability and soil characteristics. Thus, the botanical composition of future grassland should include species that are able to withstand the changing conditions (e.g. lucerne and bird's foot trefoil). Changes in nutrient concentration of forage plants, elevated heat loads and altered feeding patterns of animals may influence rumen physiology. Several promising nutritional strategies are available to lower potential negative impacts of climate change on dairy cow nutrition and performance. Adjustment of feeding and drinking regimes, diet composition and additive supplementation can contribute to the maintenance of adequate dairy cow nutrition and performance. Provision of adequate shade and cooling will reduce the direct effects of heat stress. As estimated genetic parameters are promising, heat stress tolerance as a functional trait may be included into breeding programmes. Indirect effects of global warming on the health and welfare of animals seem to be more complicated and thus are less predictable. As the epidemiology of certain gastrointestinal nematodes and liver fluke is favourably influenced by increased temperature and humidity, relations between climate change and disease dynamics should be followed closely. Under current conditions, climate change associated economic impacts are estimated to be neutral if some form of adaptation is integrated. Therefore, it is essential to establish and adopt mitigation strategies covering available tools from management, nutrition, health and plant and animal breeding to cope with the future consequences of climate change on dairy farming.Keywords: global warming, cow comfort, heat stress, heat tolerance, functional traits ImplicationsAs a consequence of global warming, drier and hotter summers are expected for Central Europe. Here we discuss multiple interactions between climate change and dairy production in Central Europe in its full complexity, starting from fodder resources to breeding impacts and farm economy. Under current conditions, the impact of climate change on the farm economy is estimated to be neutral if some form of adaptation is integrated. Thus, establishing mitigation and adaptation strategies covering available tools from management, nutrition, health and plant and animal breeding to cope with the future consequences of climate change on dairy farming are essential.-E-mail: Mgauly@gwdg.de 843 ...

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Section: Impacts On Quantity and Quality Of Fodder Productionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Effects Of Climate Change On Ruminal Fermentation and Structmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Gauly

Bollwein

Breves

et al. 2013

Animal

155

100

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“…They also have greater water intake needs and typically produce less milk. Interestingly, Tajima et al have reported that the diversity of the rumen microflora in Holstein heifers was altered in response to the changing housing temperatures (Tajima et al, 2007). Profiling the bacterial species composition of rumen fluid using 16sRNA gene cloning revealed that elevations in environmental temperature and humidity (2 weeks in a climactic chamber maintained at 338C and 80% humidity v. 208C and 60% humidity) resulted in consistent changes in microbial diversity, reduced weight gain and an overall lowering of rumen pH.…”

Section: Effects Of Different Stressors On Ruminant Physiology and MImentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and microbial endocrinology: prospects for ruminant nutrition

Freestone

Lyte

2010

Animal

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The feed efficiency of ruminant meat and dairy livestock can be significantly influenced by factors within their living environments. In particular, events perceived by the animals as stressful (such as parturition, transport or handling) have been found to affect susceptibility to infection. It has been well documented that even minor stress such as weighing can result in an increase in colonisation and faecal shedding of enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Such infections affect both ruminant overall health and therefore performance, and are a particular problem for the meat production industries. Prior explanations for stress enhancing the likelihood of infection is that activation of the sympathetic nervous system under stress leads to the release of neuroendocrine mediators such as the catecholamine stress hormones noradrenaline and adrenaline, which may impair innate and adaptive immunity. More recently, however, another equally compelling explanation, viewed through the lens of the newly recognised microbiological discipline of microbial endocrinology is that the myriad of bacteria within the ruminant digestive tract are as responsive to the hormonal output of stress as the cells of their host. Work from our laboratories has shown that enteric pathogens have evolved systems for directly sensing stress hormones. We have demonstrated that even brief exposure of enteric pathogens to physiological concentrations of stress hormones can result in massive increases in growth and marked changes in expression of virulence factors such as adhesins and toxins. Happy, less stressed ruminants may therefore be better-nourished animals and safer sources of meat. This article reviews evidence that stress, as well as affecting nutrition, in ruminants is correlated with increased risk of enteric bacterial infections, and examines the molecular mechanisms that may be at work in both processes.

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Do seasonal microbiome changes affect infection susceptibility, contributing to seasonal disease outbreaks?

Stencel

2020

BioEssays

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The aim of the present paper is to explore whether seasonal outbreaks of infectious diseases may be linked to changes in host microbiomes. This is a very important issue, because one way to have more control over seasonal outbreaks is to understand the factors that underlie them. In this paper, I will evaluate the relevance of the microbiome as one of such factors. The paper is based on two pillars of reasoning. Firstly, on the idea that microbiomes play an important role in their hosts' defence against infectious diseases. Secondly, on the idea that microbiomes are not stable, but change seasonally. These two ideas are combined in order to argue that seasonal changes in a given microbiome may influence the functionality of the host's immune system and consequently make it easier for infectious agents to infect the host at certain times of year. I will argue that, while this is only a theoretical possibility, certain studies may back up such claims. Furthermore, I will show that this does not necessarily contradict other hypotheses aimed at explaining seasonal outbreaks; in fact, it may even enhance them.

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Influence of high temperature and humidity on rumen bacterial diversity in Holstein heifers

Cited by 154 publications

References 31 publications

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Stress and microbial endocrinology: prospects for ruminant nutrition

Do seasonal microbiome changes affect infection susceptibility, contributing to seasonal disease outbreaks?

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