Influence of ionic aggregation on the surface energies of crystallites in poly(butylene terephthalate) ionomers

Page, Kirt A.; Schilling, Greg D.; Moore, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.013

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…An interesting question is whether ionic groups can nucleate a particular crystalline form as small molecules can; no evidence has been found to suggest preferential nucleation but it is not clear whether enough research has been done to show that this could not be true. Another interesting study by Moore and coworkers [44] used a modified Lauritzen-Hoffman approach to show that the surface energy of the crystallites increased by 30-70% versus the unmodified homopolymer with ionic group attachment, which the authors attributed a disruption of chain packing at the surface caused by the ionic groups.…”

Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Grady

2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

101

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This review presents a description of what is known about ionomer morphology. All papers on ionomer morphology are not included in this review; but all relevant questions about ionomer morphology are posed and answered as completely as possible. The review is critical; that is, reasons are given for morphologies that are deemed to be more or less likely. The review is organized along three length scales: sub-nanometer, nanometer to 10 nm, and greater than 10 nm. Within each length scale, all three phases are considered: crystalline, amorphous, and ionic aggregate. The purity of the three phases, the arrangement of atoms in the three phases, the size and shape of the three phases, and their arrangements in space relative to each other are explored in this review. A model for the shape of aggregates in ionomers that have well-ordered internal environments is presented. This model proposes that aggregates are fundamentally planar, but will ''roll up'' into tubes or other related structures in order to reduce the number of atoms at aggregate edges. This model was developed primarily based on the varied morphologies ionomers have shown in electron micrographs, but is consistent with other indirect measurements of ionomer morphology.

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Section: Ionomer Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Grady

2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

101

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“…The Avrami model has been proposed to analyze the isothermal crystallization of polymers which provides a convenient approach to explore the overall crystallization kinetics and its logarithmic form is expressed as [33], ln½ À lnð1 À X t Þ ¼ ln K n ðTÞ þ n ln t…”

Section: Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics Of Hdpe/uhmwpe Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of small amount of ultra high molecular weight component on the crystallization behaviors of bimodal high density polyethylene

Song

et al. 2008

Polymer

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“…the time needed for a sample to reach a fractional degree of crystallinity of 0.50) were extracted. The Avrami model provides a convenient approach to analyze the overall crystallization kinetics and its logarithmic form is expressed as, 25 ln½À lnð1 À X t Þ ¼ ln k n þ n ln t…”

Section: Overall Kinetics Of Isothermal Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate)/attapulgite nanocomposites

Chen

et al. 2006

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/organo-attapulgite (ATT) nanocomposites containing 2.5 and 5 wt % nanoparticles loadings were fabricated via a simple melt-compounding approach. The crystal structure and isothermal crystallization behaviors of PBT composites were studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that the addition of ATT did not alter the crystal structure of PBT and the crystallites in all the samples were triclinic a-crystals. During the isothermal crystallization, the PBT nanocomposites exhibited higher crystallization rates than the neat PBT and the varied Avrami exponents when compared with the neat PBT. At the same time, the regime II/ III transition was also observed in all the samples on the basis of Hoffman-Laurizten theory, but the transition temperature increased with increasing ATT loadings. The fold surface free energy (r e ) of polymer chains in the nanocomposites was lower than that in the neat PBT. It should be reasonable to treat ATT as a good nucleating agent for the crystallization of PBT, which plays a determinant effect on the reduction in r e during the isothermal crystallization of the nanocomposites, even if the existence of ATT could restrict the segmental motion of PBT.

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Influence of ionic aggregation on the surface energies of crystallites in poly(butylene terephthalate) ionomers

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales

Effect of small amount of ultra high molecular weight component on the crystallization behaviors of bimodal high density polyethylene

Isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate)/attapulgite nanocomposites

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