Volatile sulfur compounds are important contributors to the characteristic flavors and off-flavors of many foods. As a class, sulfur-containing flavor volatiles have low sensory detection thresholds, are present in low concentration and are often chemically labile, which can present measurement challenges. Advances in analytical separation techniques and instrumentation have enabled understandings of their occurrence and contributions to their relative sensory significance.Relating the chemistry and sensory contributions of volatile sulfur compounds to food flavor is an ongoing endeavor. The preminent quest in flavor research is to identify and categorize chemical constituents which provide unique sensory characteristics to the aroma and flavor of foods. Sulfur compounds contribute enzymatically-derived flavors in the Allium species (garlic, onion, chive) or Cruciform families (Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower), and thermally-generated flavors such as roasted meat, chicken, seafood, and coffee. Volatile sulfur compounds play an important role in the aromas of bread, popcorn, nuts, potato products and wine, and contribute subtle flavor characteristics to cheddar cheese, chocolate and tropical fruit flavors, to name a few examples. Additional understandings of biosynthetic pathways, fermentation mechanisms, or thermal processes continue to evolve by which sulfur flavor constituents can be