Influence of Plowdown Dates and Cultural Practices on Spring Moth Emergence of the Pink Bollworm12

Watson, T. F.; Barnes, Kenneth K.; Slosser, J. E.; Fullerton, Dale

doi:10.1093/jee/67.2.207

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Thus, almost all survive when n k, and the expected number of survivors increases monotonically with the number of competitors, with a ceiling of k. We have assumed that a monotonic mechanism can be realized because a non-monotonic process such as threshold-triggered spraying can cause oscillatory and possibly chaotic dynamics that is not conducive to our goal, which is predictable control of the pest population. (ii) Springtime emergence of overwintering diapaused larvae [37][38][39][40] is based on a tanh curve fit to data in AZMET weekly Cotton Development Advisories [4]. (iii) The values for a few of the parameters are somewhat different based on other literature that is cited in Table 1.…”

Section: Appendix 2 the 'Big' Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundaries of sustainability in simple and elaborate models of agricultural pest control with a pesticide and a non-toxic refuge

Mohammed-Awel

Ringland

Bantle

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

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In two models of pest control using a pesticidal crop along with a non-pesticidal refuge to prevent the development of resistance, we numerically compute the bifurcations that bound the region in parameter space where control is sustainable indefinitely. An exact formula for one of the bifurcation surfaces in one of the models is also found. One model is conceptual and as simple as possible. The other is realistic and very detailed. Despite the great differences in the models, we find the same distinctive bifurcation structure. We focus on the parameters that determine: (i) the restriction of pest exchange between the crop and the refuge, which we call 'screening' the refuge, and (ii) the recessiveness of the resistance trait. The screened refuge technique is seen to work in the models up to quite high values of fitness of resistant heterozygotes, that is, even when resistance is not strongly recessive.

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Section: Appendix 2 the 'Big' Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundaries of sustainability in simple and elaborate models of agricultural pest control with a pesticide and a non-toxic refuge

Mohammed-Awel

Ringland

Bantle

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Dynamics

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“…The temperature and photoperiod prevailing during induction of diapause affects duration of diapause in the pink bollworm (Watson et al 1974a, Gutierrez et al 1981. Thus, our Þnding that emergence occurs earlier in populations at higher than lower altitude could perhaps be explained by the "Þrst in-Þrst out" hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Nevertheless, we did not Þnd in the current study an association between average rate of emergence from diapause and average weather across the regions (Y.C., unpublished data). Watson et al (1974a) suggested that among-region variation in rate of emergence from diapause in the pink bollworm might have a genetic basis. It appears, however, that the appropriate common garden experiment has not yet been performed to conÞrm that hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that emergence occurred sooner in regions at higher elevation. Watson et al (1974a) determined experimentally that emergence from diapause was the earliest in insects collected in Safford and was progressively delayed for insects from Marana and Yuma. Although we found the same general relationship between altitude and rate of emergence, our Þndings for those three locations do not exactly match WatsonÕs results (Table 1).…”

Section: Relationship Between Heat Unit Accumulation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We Þrst use pink bollworm pheromone trapping and meteorological data collected over the last 3Ð 8 yr in 15 regions across Arizona to determine the number of heat units at which speciÞed proportions of pink bollworm emergence from diapause are expected across the regions. We then use these data to test the hypothesis that the rate of pink bollworm emergence from diapause differs across regions (Watson et al 1974a). We derive simple equations that predict rates of emergence from diapause as a function of heat unit accumulation in the 15 regions, and use those equations to forecast levels of suicidal emergence based on cotton planting dates.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Predicting Spring Moth Emergence in the Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Implications for Managing Resistance to Transgenic Cotton

Carrière¹,

Ellers-Kirk²,

Pedersen³

et al. 2001

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Cultural control methods have been central in the southwestern United States for reducing pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), damage to cotton. Nevertheless, it is not clear at present how such methods could be integrated within the novel pest management framework allowed by introduction of cotton producing a toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for pink bollworm control. Using statewide pheromone trapping and climatic data in conjunction with deterministic simulation models, we investigated whether manipulation of cotton planting date and use of other cultural control methods could represent valuable tactics for control of the pink bollworm in Arizona. Accumulation of heat units from one January accurately predicted the rate of pink bollworm emergence from diapause in 15 cotton-producing regions. Significant variation in rate of emergence from diapause was present among regions, with earlier emergence at higher altitudes. Most adults emerge from diapause too early to reproduce successfully on cotton, a phenomenon known as suicidal emergence. A method for prediction of the fraction of suicidal emergence resulting from adoption of a given cotton planting date is presented. Results from simulation models suggest that manipulation of planting date and implementation of other control cultural methods reduce the rate of application of insecticides and delay the evolution of resistance to Bt cotton in the pink bollworm.

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Studies of pest and beneficial insects in Arizona stub and planted cotton

Bergman¹

1983

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In each of 3 study years ( 1978 , 1979 , 1980 ), stub cotton, Gossypium spp., fruiting in commercial fields began approximately 4 to 6 weeks earlier than fruiting in planted cotton. The numbers of male pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), moths caught early in the growing season in gossyplure-baited Delta traps were significantly higher in stub cotton than in planted cotton. Pink bollworm larval infestations in squares and bolls and Heliothis spp. oviposition occurred 4 to 6 weeks earlier in stub cotton than in planted cotton.Under controlled experimental conditions, approximately 2.6 times more moths from overwintered pink bollworm larvae emerged in stub cotton than in planted cotton. About 62 percent of the moths emerging in stub cotton, compared with 10 percent of the moths emerging in planted cotton, had host material (squares) available for reproduction as a result of the earlier growth of the stub cotton.Boll infestations in the stub cotton were first found during the week ending June 21, and economic infestation levels of 15 percent or more were reached by the week ending July 26.In contrast, economic level boll infestations occurred in adjacent planted cotton during the week ending August 16 and in distant (265 m) planted cotton during the week ending August 30.Infestations of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were found in squares and/or bolls, or adults were caught in grandlurebaited traps in stub cottonfields on three ranches in western Maricopa County in 1978, the first year of the stub cotton study.The wet, cold winter of 1978 to 1979 limited stub cotton production during 1979, and no boll weevils were found during the 1979 growing season. When approximately 24,000 ha of stub cotton were grown in 1980 and 1981, boll weevils were found in squares, bolls, and/or caught in traps in stub cottonfields on 6 ranches in the Cosmos area and 1 ranch near Gila Bend during 1980, and on 1 ranch in Rainbow Valley, 2 ranches near Buckeye, 1 ranch in Harquahala Valley, 12 ranches in the Cosmos area, 3 ranches near Gila Bend, 3 ranches in the Hyder area, and 3 ranches near Aztec in 1981 in stub and planted cotton. Lygus spp.; whitemarked fleahopper, Spanagonicus albofasciatus (Reuter); cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscel is seriatus (Reuter); and cotton leafperf orator , Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck, populations during the 3 years of the study were not of economic significance in either stub or planted cotton.Beneficial predaceous insects were high in both stub and planted cotton production systems early in the season and declined thereafter.iii Insecticide applications were applied earlier to stub cotton than planted cotton but averaged only about one additional application to stub cotton vs. planted cotton and controlled pink bollworm and Heliothis spp. effectively in both cotton cultural systems.

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Influence of Plowdown Dates and Cultural Practices on Spring Moth Emergence of the Pink Bollworm12

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Boundaries of sustainability in simple and elaborate models of agricultural pest control with a pesticide and a non-toxic refuge

Boundaries of sustainability in simple and elaborate models of agricultural pest control with a pesticide and a non-toxic refuge

Predicting Spring Moth Emergence in the Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Implications for Managing Resistance to Transgenic Cotton

Studies of pest and beneficial insects in Arizona stub and planted cotton

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