Influence of rule changes on shooting performance in balanced matches between two European water polo championship

Water Polo Offensive Methods after the 2018 FINA Rules Update

“…Most probably, Italy’s power-play tactical choice was linked to its players’ general physical characteristics, lesser height and its high level of passing skills. However, debating the rule changes with regard to the effect on power-plays [ 37 ], their higher frequency of occurrence reinforces the idea that players now spend more time in front of the goal in a positional attack with the body in an upright position. This, adding to the greater amount of even play in the game [ 26 ], performed mainly in a vertical position, suggests that rule changes did not induce very positive effects in the matches, which is in line with previous research [ 6 ].…”

“…According to recent research with the new rules framework, counterattack shots, 6 m free throws and center forward shots decreased. Furthermore, those rules led to a greater number of attacks and shots in total, more power-plays and goals scored, being stated that the game became more dynamic and faster [ 20 , 21 , 37 ]. However, the current results lead to induce that, although the game seems more dynamic, with more power-plays, more attacks, and goals, this can mean more time in front of the opponent’s goal (since one offensive sequence can have more than one time extension and shot opportunity) and more game interruptions to replace the ball in the midfield and restart the match.…”

“…Thus, it seems that body contact or wrestling bouts between opponents within the game [ 8 , 22 , 26 ] still remain at a high rate. In addition, the reduction in counterattacks was also reported as a consequence of rule changes [ 21 , 37 ], which may have a negative effect not only in game content but also on its spectacularism. The fast break is one of the most exciting game moments although less frequent [ 4 , 13 ] and, in the present study, remained the most effective playing method, in agreement with the literature [ 20 , 22 ].…”

origin, evolution and influence on the game of water polo rules (Origen, evolución e influencia de las reglas de waterpolo sobre la dinámica del juego)

“…There is no evidence of any previous study that has analysed how the game has changed over time and the influence of regulatory changes on it. However, based on the analysis of throwing efficiency, considering the final classification of the Championship and comparing two competitions with different regulations, it is not possible to infer the existence of signi ficant differences (Argudo et al, 2020, Argudo et al, 2021. Therefore, it is possible to infer that the regulations Origin, evolution and influence on the game of water polo rules Borges-Hernández; et al…”

Analysis of associated variables with shooting performance in Beach Water polo

“…Descriptive studies of the game (Canossa et al, 2009), analysis of technical actions (Alcaraz et al, 2011;Vila et al, 2011), specific playing positions (Sabio et al, 2020) and notational analysis (Argudo et al 2007;Lupo et al, 2014). Also the analysis of the playing action in Water polo has looked for technical and tactical performance indicators (Escalante et al, 2012;Mirvic et al, 2011), characterized the type of actions and their physical demands in relation to their intensity (D´Auria & Gabbet, 2008;Lupo et al, 2009), described the game profiles for each specific position (Lozovina et al, 2010;Lupo et al, 2012), found the effects of the regulatory changes (Argudo et al, 2020), analysed the influence of time out (Platanou, 2008), game location (Prieto et al, 2013), scoreboard result (Lupo et al, 2012), for having the first ball possession of each period (Argudo, 2010); and, calculated the effectiveness in each situational framework (Argudo et al, 2010).…”