Influence of selective breeding on the incidence of melanomas in sinclair miniature swine

Abstract

The influence of selective breeding on the incidence of cutaneous melanomas was studied in the Sinclair miniature swine melanoma model. Evaluation of the results of a large breeding study that produced 349 live progeny indicated that the incidence of melanomas (54%) was highest i n newborn progeny derived from melanoma female x melanoma male (MFX MM) matings. Newborn progeny f r o m normal female x melanoma male ( N F x MM) and melanoma female x normal male ( M F x N M ) matings had incidences of 22% and 21% respectively; normal female x normal male ( N F x N M ) progeny had an incidence of 2%.Although most of the progeny were black, melanomas were observed i n swine of various colors. Tumors occurred a t differing cutaneous sites and did not demonstrate a predilection for any particular area of the body. During the f i r s t year of life, additional melanomas developed i n some animals from all groups of progeny. A t 1 year of age, the incidence of melanomas (85%) remained highest in M F x M M progeny. The incidence had increased t o 57% and 50% i n progeny from N F x M M and M F x NM matings while N F x NM progeny had an incidence of 4%. Although tumors were observed i n newborn swine, most of the tumors (75.5%) developed after birth either f r o m flat melanocytic lesions (19.3%) o r f r o m skin free of detectable melanocytic lesions (80.7%). An age effect was observed i n tumor development; tumor development decreased as the age of the animals increased. These results demonstrate that selective breeding influences the incidence of melanomas i n Sinclair swine and provide basic information required for further studies of tumor development, growth and regression in this unique spontaneous tumor system.The Sinclair miniature swine melanoma model system displays a vast array of pigmentary abnormalities, including cutaneous melanomas. Early studies with this model indicated that melanocytic tumors developed spontaneously in these swine, grew progressively, and demonstrated a high incidence of spontaneous regression (Hook et al., 1977;Millikan et al., 1973 Millikan et al., , 1974. This model was seen to provide a unique opportunity to study important aspects of tumor development, growthand regression.The Sinclair swine melanoma was first observed in 1967 (Strafuss et al., 1968) in one animal of the Sinclair miniature swine breeding herd. Strafuss et al. (1968) examined 100 swine of unstated ages from this herd and estimated the incidence of cutaneous melanocytic lesions at 21 %. The melanocytic lesions initially were divided into two types: an exophytic " nevus-like melanoma " present in 11 % and a pigmented, flat lentigo-like spot present in 15% of the animals (Strafuss et al., 1968; Flat et a/., 1968). A limited breeding experiment initiated to investigate the effect of selective breeding o n the incidence of cutaneous exophytic melanomas indicated that the incidence of this tumor was 62 % in newborn offspring of affected parents (Millikan et al., 1974).These studies, pzrfornied with a limited numbzr of aqima...

Gene expression in Sinclair swine with malignant melanoma

“…The Sinclair Miniature Pig Melanoma model was established in the 1970s by breeding melanoma-bearing pigs to establish a line with up to 70% incidence of melanoma (Hook et al, 1979;Tissot et al, 1987). Melanoma in Sinclair swine usually develops in utero or within the first 6 weeks of life (Gomez-Raya et al, 2007), with lesions varying from benign flat nevi to large, deeply invasive, exophytic tumors possessing characteristics of malignant tumors (Das Gupta et al, 1989) as well as some in vitro characteristics of benign neoplastic cells found in childhood tumors such as retinoblastoma or neuroblastoma that are of neural or neural crest tissue origin as are melanocytes.…”

Congenital and hereditary tumours in domestic animals. 2. Pigs. A review

“…Familial aggregation of benign and malignant melanocytic skin tumours has been described, particularly in purebred miniature swine such as Sinclair (7,36,48), and Hormel swine (26), but also in Duroc-Jersey swine (35,39). Among the several crosses involved are Duroc x Slovak pigs (47), Munich-Troll x German Landrace (60) and Duroc x Iberian swine (23).…”

“…Among the several crosses involved are Duroc x Slovak pigs (47), Munich-Troll x German Landrace (60) and Duroc x Iberian swine (23). The influence of selective breeding on the incidence of cutaneous melanomas was studied in Duroc-Jersey swine (62) and in the Sinclair miniature swine (36).…”

“…Evaluation of a large breeding study of Sinclair swine (36) indicated that the incidence of melanomas was highest (54%) in newborn progeny derived from melanoma males x melanoma females. Newborn progeny from normal female x melanoma male or reverse had incidences of 22% and 21% respectively.…”

“…Many of the pigmented skin tumours in Sinclair swine are present at birth or develop early in life (64). Melanomas that develop after birth may arise from precursor lesions of skin free of detectable melanocytic lesions (36).…”