Influence of soil physicochemical properties on the depth profiles of perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAAs) in soil along a distance gradient from a fluorochemical plant and associations with soil microbial parameters.

Perfluoroalkyl substances and brominated flame retardants in landfill-related air, soil, and groundwater from Ireland

“…With respect to PFASs, consistent with our observations for air, dry weight concentrations of PFOA in our study are at the high end of the range previously reported for various locations in Europe and North America (Goosey, 2010;Groffen et al, 2019;Rankin et al, 2016). In contrast, concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS in our soils are at the low end of the range of concentrations previously reported.…”

Perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAAs) accumulate in field-exposed snails (Cepaea sp.) and affect their oxidative status

“…This appears to differ from previous findings in literature, where an increase in temperature induced higher transpiration rates and hence higher PFAA uptake in plants (Zhao et al, 2016). However, an increased temperature has been related to higher sorption of PFOS to soils (Groffen et al, 2019d;You et al, 2010), hence reducing bioavailability to plants. The role of soil moisture content on bioavailability of PFAAs to plants is, to the best of our knowledge, still unknown.…”

“…However, the PFBA and PFOS concentrations at Middenvijver-Rot were higher in the present study, likely due to differences in soil physicochemical properties (e.g. TOC) or sampling strategy (Groffen et al, 2019d). These concentrations are within the range of those reported in other international studies.…”

“…After six weeks, we collected leaves and stems of the nettles, on which the snails fed in each cage, and pooled them per cage in polypropylene (PP) tubes at -20°C. Finally, at each site, we collected five soil samples (surface layer; 0 -5 cm depth; Groffen et al, 2019d) using a stainless-steel shovel. We measured the pH and temperature of the soil, using a portable multimeter (HI9125, Hanna Instruments).…”

“…Due to the amphiphilic properties of PFAS, their environmental fate and behaviour is governed by both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions (Higgins and Luthy, 2007). Hence, their sorption to soils is influenced by numerous soil properties, such as organic carbon content, clay content, and temperature (Milinovic et al, 2015;Campos Pereira et al, 2018;Groffen et al, 2019d), and there are still uncertainties on how these properties interact to determine the binding of PFAAs to soils (Li et al, 2018) and the subsequent uptake by biota (Wen et al, 2014;Bizkarguenaga et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2016).…”