Influence of split nitrogen application on yield and yield components of various maize varieties

Abstract

Maximum soils of the Pakistan are N deficient. The Nitrogen applied to the soil can be leached down in soil below the root zone of the crop while some of the Nitrogen gets volatized in the atmosphere which can adversely affect the crop growth and development of corn plants so application timing of nitrogen in maize has a great importance and considered the best and appropriate for production of maize. Nitrogen application is required by the maize plants when needed and is taken at higher rates could improve nitrogen use effectiveness by diminishing the denitrification and immobilization. The study entitled "Influence of split nitrogen application on yield and yield components of maize" was carried out during 2016 at the Research Farms of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Four split nitrogen applications were assigned to main plots while the varieties were assigned to sub plots. Experimental results exhibited that application of nitrogen in three split, 60 kg ha -1 before sowing + 60 kg ha -1 at knee height stage + 60 kg ha -1 before tasseling stage has produced taller plants, maximum ear length, thousand grains weight, biological yield, grain yield, shelling percentage and harvest index. Among various varieties, Azam has produced maximum thousand grains weight, biological yield and grain yield. It is concluded that nitrogen applied in three splits (60 kg ha -1 before sowing + 60 kg ha -1 at knee height stage + 60 kg ha -1 before tasseling stage) and Azam variety of maize crop has produced maximum grain yield.

Phenological and yield components response of major exotic maize varieties to different levels of soil bulk densities

“…Shoot thickness was adversely affected by bulk densities, although a significant change in varieties is due to their genetic characteristics. These results are in accordance with Anjum et al (2018), who reported that various hybrids responded differently for shoot thickness. In contrast, Sabir et al (2021) reported that various hybrids responded differently in shoot thickness, but no effect was due to soil compaction.…”

“…As the crop roots penetrate upto 12 cm deep in search of nutrients and water at the tasseling stage, increasing bulk density will affect this intake by roots, thereby causing a delay in days to taselling. Anjum et al (2018)and Li et al (2020) also reported a change in days to tasseling of maize with different bulk densities of soil. Wang et al (2022) also reported a negative correlation between hybrid maize yield with the increase in soil compactness.…”

Effect of split nitrogen application on growth parameters of maize

“…Maximum cob length at more split application of nitrogen has decreased nitrogen loses and provided an adequate amount of nitrogen to the plant which showed more increase in vegetative growth and hence increased length of cob. Our results were strongly in agreement with Anjum et al (2018) [3] , who reported that highest cob length was observed from treatment of nitrogen in three split application (60 kg ha-1 before sowing + 60 kg ha-1at knee height stage + 60 kg ha-1 before tasseling stage) followed by two splits. Similarly, highest cob length in nitrogen fertilizer plots and smallest cob length in the plots where nitrogen was not applied reported by Sharifi SR & Taghizadeh (2009) [15] .…”

“…Split nitrogen application had significantly (P≤0.05) affected plant height of maize crop measured at different times except 30 days after sowing (Table 1). Anjum et al (2018) [3] reported maximum plant height from treatment of nitrogen application in three split 60 kg ha-1 before sowing + 60 kg ha-1 at knee height stage + 60 kg ha-1 before tasseling stage in comparison with two split, 90 kg ha-1 at sowing + 90 kg ha-1 at knee height stage and single application of nitrogen 180 kg ha-1 before sowing. The plant height increased with more nitrogen splits application.…”

Analysis of wheat genotypes and N application on the yield in response to protein and nitrogen content in grains and straw

“…For this purpose, wheat genotypes with broad genetic background should be developed [28]. Genotypic characteristic of the genotypes is very important to increase different yield traits because different genotypes had different characteristics at different climatic region [29]. The plant breeding scientists are actively involved in developing of drought resistance and disease resistance wheat genotypes that produce higher grain yield per hectare.…”