Influence of the catalyst precursor anion in catalysis of water vapour gasification of carbon by potassium

Hüttinger, Klaus J.; Minges, Roland

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(86)90179-1

Cited by 52 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…By indirect gasification, the nitrogen in the air remains separated from Dakota, USA [15]. There are a number of recent patents by the company that involve gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks and recovery of alkali metals from char [16][17][18]. Further information or reports are not available.…”

Section: Gasification/methanation Technology Of Dry Feedstocks To Sngmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is fur- The energy demand was conservatively set at 4 MJ/kg CO 2 [7] (equal to 3.7 MJ/kg dry biomass). The option of in-situ removal of CO 2 with CaO also exists, but because of the high temperature needed for regeneration of CaCO 3 (at least 850°C) with recirculation of the solid [17], this is out of the scope of this work and is therefore not a part of the self-gasification concept.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the reactivity of catalyzed (by alkali metals/potassium) and uncatalyzed char (derived from wood, coal or pyrolysis oil) in steam has been measured before by other researchers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], here we concentrate on steam gasification of wood-derived chars containing impregnated or added alkaline compounds to the wood before it was pyrolyzed, in line with the envisaged operation of the self-gasification concept studied here.…”

Section: Fixed Bed-preliminary Char Steam Gasification Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence from coal and biomass research that the latter two compounds (CO+H 2 ) can strongly inhibit char steam gasification. These gases probably interact with active gasification sites on the substrate surface blocking them from steam gasification [17,36]. Inhibition of CO are also realized at higher temperatures (800-850°C).…”

Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies also exist dealing with steam gasification of demineralized coal char [9,16] or catalysis by impregnated composites [9,11,14] or eutectic mixtures [13] of the abovementioned additives. Inhibition effects by H 2 [1,14,17,18], CO [4,16] and CO 2 [10,14] during coal char steam gasification have also been studied. There is, though, considerably less research dealing with the effects of (alkali) metals on the gasification of biomass-derived char [24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Chapter 4 41 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass gasification for the production of methane

Nanou¹

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Section: Gasification/methanation Technology Of Dry Feedstocks To Sngmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fixed Bed-preliminary Char Steam Gasification Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chapter 4 41 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno‐Economic assessment for superactive carbon production from side stream lignin

Ponomarev

O'Shea

Nuortila‐Jokinen

et al. 2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Superactive carbon (SAC), having a high surface area of over 2500 m2/g, could be a superior choice for many applications. However, the manufacture of SAC in bulk quantities is challenging. To demonstrate the possibility of SAC manufacturing in large amounts, a techno‐economic assessment was performed. For that purpose, a new method utilizing a mixture of waste lignin, KOH and KCl was employed. The chemicals were recovered after use. The technical assessment was performed based on laboratory‐scale experimental findings, a simplified process diagram, and mass and heat balance calculations. The economic evaluation was assessed through the estimation of capital costs (CAPEX), operational costs (OPEX) and the minimum selling price (MSP). Moreover, to demonstrate the potential costs saving for the water treatment process, the performance of SAC for the removal of natural organic matter was compared with that of commercial active carbon. SAC was obtained at a minimized KOH amount (1 g/g) and chemicals were successfully recovered with a rate of 5–10% losses. The CAPEX, OPEX and MSP were found to be 4–21 million EUR, 1–9 million EUR/year and 4.4–2.9 kEUR/t for a 0.5–5.0 t/year production capacity, respectively, at a profitability requirement of 20% and a less than 5 year payback period. In addition, SAC demonstrated considerably higher adsorptive capacity for natural organic matter (600–900 mg total organic carbon/g) compared with commercial active carbon (40–50 mg total organic carbon/g), which could lead to substantial process savings. SAC manufacture through this method has been validated and the benefit for the potential application is sufficiently clear to promote the successful commercialization of SAC using lignin wastes. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Catalytic Effect of Potassium Compounds in Soot Oxidation

2017

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The combustion temperatures of soot in particulate filters can be decreased to exhaust gas temperatures by using catalysts. In addition to oxidic catalysts, alkali metal salts are very effective catalysts. Although soot is one of the world's most unwanted byproducts, combustion is still not fully understood. In this study, different soot mixed internally with salt samples were produced. All salts lead to a marked, salt‐ and salt‐content‐dependent decrease of the temperature‐programmed oxidation temperatures of maximum CO + CO2 emissions (Tmax), with K2CO3 being one of the most effective catalysts that leads to a decrease of the Tmax of up to 300 °C. Structural parameters of the internally mixed soot derived by using Raman microspectroscopy, SEM, and scanning mobility particle size analysis did not change significantly; BET areas showed slight trends to lower areas with increased salt content, but no substantial correlations were observed. In contrast, a correlation of the oxidation reactivity to the number distribution of the measured actual fringe lengths by using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and the peak areas measured by using EPR spectroscopy was found. Salts lead to a narrowing of the actual fringe length number distributions to lower sizes and to reduced EPR peak areas. This demonstrates that the salts influence the nanostructure of the graphene planes by shortening the planes and further substantiates that soot oxidation is at least partly based on electron transfer and not only oxygen transfer. EPR spectroscopy measurements indicate that the oxidation mechanism is based on a temperature‐dependent chemical equilibrium, which depends on the K+/anion binding strength.

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Influence of the catalyst precursor anion in catalysis of water vapour gasification of carbon by potassium

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Biomass gasification for the production of methane

Biomass gasification for the production of methane

Techno‐Economic assessment for superactive carbon production from side stream lignin

Catalytic Effect of Potassium Compounds in Soot Oxidation

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