Influence of the Chelation Process on the Stability of Organic Trace Mineral Supplements Used in Animal Nutrition

Abstract

The effect of the chelation process on the pH-dependent stability of organic trace minerals (OTMs) used as mineral supplements in animal nutrition was assessed using analytical techniques such as potentiometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIRS) and amino acid profiling. The aim was to understand the influence and relative importance of the manufacturing conditions on mineral chelation and the subsequent pH stability of OTMs. A selection of OTMs were assessed over a wide pH range to account for the typical environmental changes encountered in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In the case of proteinate type products, the potentiometric assessment of free mineral concentration indicated that the hydrolysis procedure used to generate the chelating peptides was the major influencer of the pH stability of the products. Many products are available under the umbrella term “OTMs”, including amino acid complexes, amino acid chelates, polysaccharide complexes and proteinates. Significant differences in the pH-dependent stability of a range of commercially available OTMs were observed.

Relative Bioavailability of Trace Minerals in Production Animal Nutrition: A Review

“…Functionality and pH stability differ between the products formed, yet all are still grouped together under the broad “OTM” term. Products such as amino acid complexes, amino acid chelates, polysaccharide complexes and proteinates have been shown to have different mineral binding properties and different pH stabilities based on their respective production processes [ 59 ]. Table 2 outlines the different classes of OTM and the further variation that exists between the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and the European Union (EU) definitions.…”

“…Additionally, differences in dissociation rates of the mineral from the organic group to which they are bound, and differences in mineral-chelate solubility are known to affect absorption [ 64 ]. Furthermore, the strength of the bonds between the organic ligands and the mineral on formation of a complex or chelate can prevent dissociation as it passes through the digestive system and enhance biological availability of the mineral [ 59 ].…”

“…Other terms which have been used include “biological availability”, “bioactivity”, “biopotency” and “bioefficacy” [ 6 ]. Many factors affect bioavailability [ 6 , 59 , 133 , 134 , 135 ] and although not an exhaustive list, the main contributors to variance are outlined in Table 3 .…”

“…Although they concluded the relative bioavailability of Mn in the Mn-AA chelate was found to be approximately 15% lower than the reagent-grade sulphate when all data were included in the regression modes, the bioavailability was found to be equal when the greatest level of supplementation was eliminated [ 280 ]. Recent work by our research group has shown the difference in stability between products is highly dependent on their respective production processes which may also explain the RBV for this particular product [ 59 ].…”

Assessment of the application for microelement methionine hydroxy analogue chelate replacing amino acid chelate in pregnant sows

“…Organic trace elements are mostly chelate formed by trace elements with amino acids, proteins or other ligands, which can remain stable in the intestinal tract and be less antagonistic to phytic acid [13], so that organic trace elements can reach the intestine and be absorbed completely, thus improving the bioavailability [14][15][16]. Compared with traditional inorganic trace elements, organic trace elements supplement has higher absorption e ciency and can signi cantly improve the reproductive performance of female and growth performance of offspring [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”