Influence of the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus on Intraocular Pressure and the Role of Opioid Peptides

Jin, Jianhua; Xu, Guoxu; Yuan, Zhilan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082315

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several biological mechanisms are influenced by relaxation exercises, which ameliorate POAG. Endorphins, by way of modulation of the brain's arcuate nucleus [120], can be beneficial through its ability to reduce IOP in rabbits [121,122], appease depression symptoms and cortisol levels [123] with concomitant decrease in blood pressure [124]. Relaxation techniques where shown to be able to reduce IOP [125], improve neuroendocrine regulation [111] of ciliary body production of aqueous humor and normalize IOP [126].…”

Section: Psychological Treatments To Reduce Stress In Vision Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental stress as consequence and cause of vision loss: the dawn of psychosomatic ophthalmology for preventive and personalized medicine

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The loss of vision after damage to the retina, optic nerve, or brain has often grave consequences in everyday life such as problems with recognizing faces, reading, or mobility. Because vision loss is considered to be irreversible and often progressive, patients experience continuous mental stress due to worries, anxiety, or fear with secondary consequences such as depression and social isolation. While prolonged mental stress is clearly a of vision loss, it may also aggravate the situation. In fact, continuous stress and elevated cortisol levels negatively impact the eye and brain due to autonomous nervous system (sympathetic) imbalance and vascular dysregulation; hence stress may also be one of the major of visual system diseases such as glaucoma and optic neuropathy. Although stress is a known risk factor, its causal role in the development or progression of certain visual system disorders is not widely appreciated. This review of the literature discusses the relationship of stress and ophthalmological diseases. We conclude that stress is both and of vision loss. This creates a vicious cycle of a downward spiral, in which initial vision loss creates stress which further accelerates vision loss, creating even more stress and so forth. This new psychosomatic perspective has several implications for clinical practice. Firstly, stress reduction and relaxation techniques (e.g., meditation, autogenic training, stress management training, and psychotherapy to learn to cope) should be recommended not only as complementary to traditional treatments of vision loss but possibly as preventive means to reduce progression of vision loss. Secondly, doctors should try their best to inculcate positivity and optimism in their patients while giving them the information the patients are entitled to, especially regarding the important value of stress reduction. In this way, the vicious cycle could be interrupted. More clinical studies are now needed to confirm the causal role of stress in different low vision diseases to evaluate the efficacy of different anti-stress therapies for preventing progression and improving vision recovery and restoration in randomized trials as a foundation of psychosomatic ophthalmology.

show abstract

Section: Psychological Treatments To Reduce Stress In Vision Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental stress as consequence and cause of vision loss: the dawn of psychosomatic ophthalmology for preventive and personalized medicine

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, the BLA, LC and hypothalamic nuclei including the SCN, DMH/PeF, VMH, SO, and arcuate nucleus have been documented to be involved in IOP regulation. 16 , 30 – 32 , 69 – 71 There are abundant fiber projections between the PVH and the above nuclei. The SCN, VMH, SO, and amygdala send inputs to the PVH 33 – 35 , 72 ; the PVH can also send outputs to the LC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Negative regulation of IOP may be realized via other hypothalamic nuclei, such as the arcuate nucleus, a hypothalamic nucleus that has been documented to decrease bilateral IOP. 71 (3) The PVH is not tonically active, so turning it off optogenetically would not alter IOP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus Upregulates Intraocular Pressure Via Glutamatergic Neurons

Ma,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The neuroregulatory center of intraocular pressure (IOP) is located in the hypothalamus. An efferent neural pathway exists between the hypothalamic nuclei and the autonomic nerve endings in the anterior chamber of the eye. This study was designed to investigate whether the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) regulates IOP as the other nuclei do. Methods Optogenetic manipulation of PVH neurons was used in this study. Light stimulation was applied via an optical fiber embedded over the PVH to activate projection neurons after AAV2/9-CaMKIIα-hChR2-mCherry was injected into the right PVH of C57BL/6J mice. The same methods were used to inhibit projection neurons after AAV2/9-CaMKIIα-eNpHR3.0-mCherry was injected into the bilateral PVH of C57BL/6J mice. AAV2/9-EF1α-DIO-hChR2-mCherry was injected into the right PVH of Vglut2-Cre mice to elucidate the effect of glutamatergic neuron-specific activation. IOP was measured before and after light manipulation. Associated nuclei activation was clarified by c-Fos immunohistochemical staining. Only mice with accurate viral expression and fiber embedding were included in the statistical analysis. Results Activation of projection neurons in the right PVH induced significant bilateral IOP elevation (n = 11, P < 0.001); the ipsilateral IOP increased more noticeably (n = 11, P < 0.05); Bilateral inhibition of PVH projection neurons did not significantly influence IOP (n = 5, P > 0.05). Specific activation of glutamatergic neurons among PVH projection neurons also induced IOP elevation in both eyes (n = 5, P < 0.001). The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, locus coeruleus and basolateral amygdaloid nucleus responded to light stimulation of PVH in AAV-ChR2 mice. Conclusions The PVH may play a role in IOP upregulation via glutamatergic neurons.

show abstract

“…Agonist Lowers IOP bilaterally by reducing aqueous flow 86,121 and suppressed both basal and isoproterenolstimulated cAMP accumulation in iris ciliary body. 86…”

Section: Dpdpementioning

confidence: 99%

Delta Opioids: Neuroprotective Roles in Preclinical Studies

Husain

2018

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since ancient times, opioids have been used clinically and abused recreationally. In the early stages (about 1,000 AD) of opium history, an Arab physician, Avicenna, administered opioids to control diarrhea and eye diseases. Opioids have very strong pain relieving properties and they also regulate numerous cellular responses. Opioid receptors are expressed throughout the body, including the nervous system, heart, lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and retina. Delta opioid receptors (DORs) are a very attractive target from the perspective of both receptor function and their therapeutic potential. Due to a rapid progress in mouse mutagenesis and development of small molecules as DOR agonist, novel functions and roles of DORs have emerged in recent years. This review article focuses on the recent advances in the neuroprotective roles of DOR agonists in general and retina neuroprotection in particular. Rather than being exhaustive, this review highlights the selected studies of DOR function in neuroprotection. We also highlight our preclinical studies using rodent models to demonstrate the potentials of DOR agonists for retinal neuroprotection. Based on existing literature and our recently published data on the eye, DOR agonists possess therapeutic abilities that protect the retina and optic nerve injury against glaucoma and perhaps other retinopathies as well. This review also highlights the signaling events associated with DOR for neuroprotection in the eye. There is a need for translational research on DORs to recognize their potential for clinical application such as in glaucoma.

show abstract

Influence of the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus on Intraocular Pressure and the Role of Opioid Peptides

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Mental stress as consequence and cause of vision loss: the dawn of psychosomatic ophthalmology for preventive and personalized medicine

Mental stress as consequence and cause of vision loss: the dawn of psychosomatic ophthalmology for preventive and personalized medicine

Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus Upregulates Intraocular Pressure Via Glutamatergic Neurons

Delta Opioids: Neuroprotective Roles in Preclinical Studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About