Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

Schubert, Antje; Bürgers, Ralf; Baum, Friedemann; Kurbad, Oliver; Wassmann, Torsten

doi:10.3390/polym13101534

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The roughness of the surface increases the level of biofilm adhesion. Nevertheless, increased fungal adhesion has been observed on oral splints manufactured by 3D printing and milling [ 136 ], probably due to insufficient polishing after milling. This may be relevant for medically compromised patients, or patients affected by long COVID-19, or asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, or vulnerable patients, including elderly people: these are prone to infections, and are often on antibiotics, situations which favour antibiotic-resistant pathogens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pros and Cons of CAD/CAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak

Barenghi

Garagiola

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The purpose of this commentary is to update the evidence reported in our previous review on the advantages and limitations of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology in the promotion of dental business, as well as to guarantee patient and occupational safety. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented focus on infection prevention; however, waves of COVID-19 follow one another, asymptomatic cases are nearly impossible to identify by triage in a dental setting, and the effectiveness of long-lasting immune protection through vaccination remains largely unknown. Different national laws and international guidelines (mainly USA-CDC, ECDC) have often brought about dissimilar awareness and operational choices, and in general, there has been very limited attention to this technology. Here, we discuss its advantages and limitations in light of: (a) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity, saliva, and dental biofilm and activation of dormant microbial infections; (b) the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosol and fomite contamination; (c) the detection of various oral manifestations of COVID-19; (d) specific information for the reprocessing of the scanner tip and the ward from the manufacturers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pros and Cons of CAD/CAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak

Barenghi

Garagiola

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 2.5 mm were manufactured from four 3D‐printed, two‐milled and two conventional (one thermoformed, one pressed of cold‐cure resin) splint resins (Table 1 ). As previously described (Schubert et al, 2021 ), rods of each resin were produced according to the manufacturer's instructions and sliced into disks using a separating machine (Micracut 201; Metkon, Bursa, Turkey). Surface polishing of the specimens was performed with an automated grinding machine (Digiprep 251, Metkon) and silicon carbide grinding paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional oral splint resins to L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts

Bürgers

Schubert

Müller

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Objectives: Evidence on the biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D)-printed and milled resins for oral splints is limited. This in vitro study assessed the influence of the manufacturing method on the cytotoxicity of oral splint resins on L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts (GF1).Materials and Methods: Standardized specimens of four 3D-printed, two-milled, one-thermoformed, and one-pressed splint resin were incubated with L929 and GF1 cells for 24 h. Immunofluorescence and WST-8 assay were performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test were applied with the variables "splint resin" and "manufacturing method" (p < .05).Results: Immunofluorescence showed attachment of L929 and GF1 cells to the splint resins. Irrespective of the manufacturing method, the WST-8 assay revealed significant differences between splint resins for the viability of L929 and GF1 cells.L929 cells generally showed lower viability rates than GF1 cells. The evaluation of cell viability by the manufacturing method showed no significant differences between 3D printing, milling, and conventional methods. Conclusions:The cytotoxic effects of 3D-printed, milled, and conventional oral splint resins were similar, indicating minor influence of the manufacturing method on biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity of the resins was below a critical threshold in GF1 cells. The chemical composition might be more crucial than the manufacturing method for the biocompatibility of splint resins.

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“…In recent years, the application of computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology for the fabrication of CDs has significantly expanded [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The primary CAD/CAM techniques used to fabricate CDs are the subtractive (milling) and additive (3D printing) procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Denture stomatitis, a multifactorial oral pathological condition, is induced by biofilm that accumulates on the tissues and denture surface and is marked by varying degrees of erythema, bleeding, and halitosis [ 11 , 15 ]. The main causative factors in the etiology of denture stomatitis are poor oral hygiene, trauma, and Candida albicans infections [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Denture Cleansers on Microbial Adherence and Surface Topography of Conventional and CAD/CAM-Processed Denture Base Resins

et al. 2023

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This study assessed the efficacy of five denture cleansers on the microbial adherence and surface topography of conventional and CAD/CAM denture base resins. Acrylic resin discs were fabricated using conventional, milling, and 3D printing methods (N = 180). The discs were contaminated with dual species of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans biofilm for 72 h and then disinfected with either of the denture cleansers (Fittydent cleansing tablets, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 1% sodium hypochlorite (n = 10). Distilled water served as the control group. The colony-forming units of the microorganisms were calculated, followed by post-treatment surface roughness. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and post hoc Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). Among the denture cleansers, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 1% sodium hypochlorite had the best cleansing effect on the resin discs and demonstrated zero growth of colonies for both the species. Comparing the material groups, the 3D-processed discs showed higher colony-forming units followed by the conventional and CAD/CAM milled group. The highest surface roughness was demonstrated by the 3D-printed discs (0.690 ± 0.08 μm), followed by the conventional (0.493 ± 0.11 μm) and the milled groups (0.301 ± 0.08 μm). The tested chemical denture cleansers affected the Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans adhesion compared to control discs immersed in distilled water. The clinician may recommend to their patient to use 2% chlorhexidine gluconate for the disinfection of CAD/CAM PMMA denture base materials.

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Influence of the Manufacturing Method on the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans to Oral Splint Resins

Cited by 26 publications

References 73 publications

Pros and Cons of CAD/CAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak

Pros and Cons of CAD/CAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak

Cytotoxicity of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional oral splint resins to L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts

Efficacy of Denture Cleansers on Microbial Adherence and Surface Topography of Conventional and CAD/CAM-Processed Denture Base Resins

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