Influence of titanium dioxide surface activation on the performance of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Masood, Muhammad Talha; Weinberger, Christian; Qudsia, Syeda; Rosqvist, Emil; Sandberg, Oskar J.; Nyman, Mathias; Sandén, Simon; Vivo, Paola; Aitola, Kerttu; Lund, Peter; Österbacka, Ronald; Smått, Jan‐Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2019.137418

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…After applying plasma treatment on top of c-TiO 2 /FTO/glass substrates, the mesoporous TiO 2 solution was spin-coated using 4000 rpm spin speed for 10 s. The spin acceleration was set to 2000 rpm/s. The films were then dried on the hot plate at 120 • C for 10 min before calcination at 450 • C for 30 min by following the previously reported heating ramp [16,17].…”

Section: Preparation Of Compact and Mesoporous Tio 2 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A circular aperture with the size of about 0.126 cm 2 was used to mask the devices. The J-V scan was performed using a 2636 Series Source Meter (Keithley instruments, Cleveland, OH, USA)-The scan was started from −0.3 V to 1.1 V in forward sweep followed by 1.1 V to −0.3 V in reverse sweep using a scan speed of about 10 mV/S [17]. For each PbI 2 concentration at least 3 to 4 devices were characterized to determine the photovoltaic parameters.…”

Section: Device Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is evident from PbI2 (001) and MAPbI3 (110) reflections at 12.6° and 14.1° angles, respectively. The unreacted PbI 2 is left in the deeper regions of all the perovskite samples because MAI is not able to reach those areas to react and form MAPbI 3 [17]. Using areas under each reflection, we calculated the percentage of perovskite (MAPbI 3 ) in each sample based on different PbI 2 solution concentrations.…”

Section: Determining the Perovskite Content Using Gi-xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, PbI 2 in the deeper regions of mesostructured TiO 2 is not accessible for Methylammonium Iodide (MAI) (when dipped in the MAI solution). An elaborate discussion regarding the PbI 2 -to-MAPbI 3 conversion can be found in one of our previous works [17].…”

Section: Determining the Perovskite Content Using Gi-xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential Effect of Annealing Mesostructured Titanium Dioxide Electrode in a Closed Box Furnace on the Concentration of Lead (II) Iodide Solution Required for Optimal Performance of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Highly reproducible mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be fabricated using two-step sequential deposition of organo-lead halide (perovskite) active layer. However, differences in the processing conditions of individual layers which are subsequently assembled to construct the ultimate device can result in variations in the solar cell performance. For instance, here we report trends in the device performance as a function of PbI2 solution concentration, where the compact and mesoporous TiO2 layers were annealed in a closed box furnace (instead of doing it in open air). We observed that the devices prepared using 1.2 M PbI2 solution concentration performed better than those prepared from 0.8 M and 1 M PbI2 solutions. Generally, the researchers use the hot plate in an open-air environment or use a special hot plate where a continuous flow of air is ensured while annealing TiO2 electron selective layers (ESL) for perovskite solar cells. In this case, the highest possible device efficiencies are achieved using 1 M concentration of PbI2 solution. Although the influence of PbI2 solution concentration has been previously studied in detail, here our prime focus is to briefly comment on slight differences in the device performance trends which we observed in comparison to the previously reported results, where TiO2 layers were calcined in open air.

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Section: Preparation Of Compact and Mesoporous Tio 2 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Device Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determining the Perovskite Content Using Gi-xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determining the Perovskite Content Using Gi-xrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential Effect of Annealing Mesostructured Titanium Dioxide Electrode in a Closed Box Furnace on the Concentration of Lead (II) Iodide Solution Required for Optimal Performance of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“…CO 2 plasma treatment significantly heightens surface wettability, and thereby the electrical conductivity of TiO 2 transparent electrodes, improving the performance of the final device [24]. Ambient air plasma activation of the mesoscopic TiO 2 layer affects the efficiency of the PSC [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Effect of Ambient Air Plasma Treatment on the Properties of Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Shekargoftar

Jurmanová

Homola

2019

Metals

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Organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials are considered excellent active layers in the fabrication of highly efficient and low-cost photovoltaic devices. This contribution demonstrates that rapid and low-temperature air-plasma treatment of mixed organic-inorganic halide perovskite film is a promising technique, controlling its opto-electrical surface properties by changing the ratio of organic-to-inorganic components. Plasma treatment of perovskite films was performed with high power-density (25 kW/m2 and 100 W/cm3) diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) at 70 °C in ambient air. The results show that short plasma treatment time (1 s, 2 s, and 5 s) led to a relatively enlargement of grain size, however, longer plasma treatment time (10 s and 20 s) led to an etching of the surface. The band-gap energy of the perovskite films was related to the duration of plasma treatment; short periods (≤5 s) led to a widening of the band gap from ~1.66 to 1.73 eV, while longer exposure (>5 s) led to a narrowing of the band gap to approx. 1.63 eV and fast degradation of the film due to etching. Surface analysis demonstrated that the film became homogeneous, with highly oriented crystals, after short plasma treatment; however, prolonging the plasma treatment led to morphological disorders and partial etching of the surface. The plasma treatment approach presented herein addresses important challenges in current perovskite solar cells: tuning the optoelectronic properties and manufacturing homogeneous perovskite films.

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Potential electrolytes for solid state batteries and its electrochemical analysis—A review

Zulfiqar

Abbas

et al. 2023

Energy Storage

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The main purpose of this review is to present comprehensive research on all solid‐state electrolytes in a single frame. In next‐generation rechargeable solid‐state batteries, the solid‐state electrolytes are well known for their thermal stability, ionic conduction, and electrochemical stability. Therefore, in scientific societies, the development of potential solid‐state electrolytes become a trending debate to enhance their cycling stability and electrochemical properties. Here, the recent development of all solid electrolytes (such as ceramic and structure‐based electrolytes) to enhance their electrochemical properties is summarized. From previous studies, the installation of solid electrolytes is hindered by the following factors electrode‐electrolyte interface, dendrite growth, and discharge capacity as well as its solutions are discussed. Additionally, advanced electrochemical characterization techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charging and discharging used to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of electrolytes in the solid frame are summarized for the first time. Moreover, an up‐to‐date article on battery performance with potential electrolytes and some future perspectives also give a vivid image of the pragmatic applications of these batteries at the commercial level.

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Influence of titanium dioxide surface activation on the performance of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

The Potential Effect of Annealing Mesostructured Titanium Dioxide Electrode in a Closed Box Furnace on the Concentration of Lead (II) Iodide Solution Required for Optimal Performance of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

The Potential Effect of Annealing Mesostructured Titanium Dioxide Electrode in a Closed Box Furnace on the Concentration of Lead (II) Iodide Solution Required for Optimal Performance of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

A Study on the Effect of Ambient Air Plasma Treatment on the Properties of Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Potential electrolytes for solid state batteries and its electrochemical analysis—A review

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