Influence of Tree Species Density and Composition on Parasitism of the Spruce Budworm,
Choristoneura fumiferana
(Clem.)
1

Simmons, Gary A.; Leonard, David E.; Chen, C. W.

doi:10.1093/ee/4.5.832

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The pupal parasitoid Itoplectis conquisitor, important in the habitat islands in the present study, was shown by Leius (1967) to cause higher mortality in apple orchards having more understory wild¯owers. I. conquisitor, A. interrupta and other parasitoids have been shown to cause less budworm mortality in dense, heavily shaded stands than in open ®r stands with richer understories (Simmons et al 1975), an observation that may explain the lower parasitism rates in the dense island stands. The hypothesis that understory nectar is important to foraging parasitoids is substantiated by studies demonstrating that arti®cial nectar increases the longevity and fecundity of parasitoids in the laboratory (Syme 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Diverse vegetation may furnish food resources and alternative host species that are absent from homogeneous vegetation. The understory of deciduous or mixed stands in the boreal forest is considerably more diverse in¯owering plants (DeGrandpreÂ et al 1993), which could possibly provide nectar for foraging parasitoids (Simmons et al 1975;Bradette 1994). The pupal parasitoid Itoplectis conquisitor, important in the habitat islands in the present study, was shown by Leius (1967) to cause higher mortality in apple orchards having more understory wild¯owers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since several parasitoids attacking the spruce budworm also attack lepidopteran larvae on deciduous trees (Maltais et al 1989;Bradette 1994), mixed stands may have higher parasitoid densities, potentially resulting in greater parasitism rates. Mixed stands also have a greater diversity of understory¯owering herbs (De GrandpreÂ et al 1993), a potentially important source of nectar for parasitoids (Leius 1967;Simmons et al 1975;Bradette 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape

et al. 1998

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The hypothesis that vegetational diversity may lessen the impact of forest insect pests by favoring natural enemies is appealing to those who seek ecologically sound solutions to pest problems. We investigated the effect of forest diversity on the impact of the spruce budworm Choristoneurafumiferana following the last outbreak, as well as the budworm's current abundance and parasitism rate, in the boreal forest of northwestern Québec. Mortality of balsam fir caused by the budworm was greater in extensive conifer stands than either in "habitat islands" of fir surrounded by deciduous forest or on true islands in the middle of a lake. Adult spruce budworm abundance, assessed by pheromone traps, did not differ significantly between the three types of sites. Larval and pupal parasitism rates were examined by transferring cohorts of laboratory-reared larvae and pupae to trees in the three site types and later collecting and rearing them. The tachinid Actiainterrupta, a parasitoid of fifth and sixth instar larvae, as well as the ichneumonid pupal parasitoids Itoplectesconquisitor, Ephialtesontario and Phaeogenesmaculicornis, caused higher mortality in the habitat islands than on true islands or in extensive stands. Exochusnigripalpistectulum, an ichneumonid that attacks the larvae and emerges from the pupae, caused greater mortality in the extensive stands of conifers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape

et al. 1998

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“…On the other hand, it is suggested that strong fluctuations in host density may also create profound changes in the species composition of a parasitoid community due to the occurrence of high vs. low density specialists (Pschorn-Walcher, 1977;Mills, 1990;Hoch et al, 2001). Furthermore, varying environmental conditions may increase or restrict the abundance of parasitoid species by determining the presence or absence of other essential resources (Simmons et al, 1975;Roland et al, 1997;Lewis & Whitfield, 1999;Quayle et al, 2003). Thus, the assemblage of parasitoids in a particular habitat will depend on host-related as well as environment-related factors and may result in a different degree of biological control of a pest (PschornWalcher, 1977;Mills, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species diversity and niche separation of cocoon parasitoids in different forest types with endemic populations of their host, the Common Pine Sawfly Diprion pini (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Herz¹,

Heitland²

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Species diversity and potential impact of cocoon parasitoids on the abundance of the common pine sawfly, Diprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), were explored in different forest habitats, with endemic sawfly populations, by the regular exposure of laboratory reared sawfly cocoons. Different cocoon spinning sites of the sawfly were simulated by exposing cocoons at several strata (soil, litter, trunk and stem of pine trees) in a forest. In more fertile, mixed spruce/pine-forests, parasitism on exposed cocoons was lower than in typical outbreak stands with a lower vegetational diversity. The parasitoid communities comprised of up to nine parasitoid species, which showed temporal and spatial niche separation. The ichneumonid Pleolophus basizonus Grav. (Hymenoptera: Phygadeuontinae) occured throughout the season at all strata as well as in all forest types. The ichneumonid Gelis cursitans F. (Hymenoptera: Phygadeuontinae) was only found in pine forests with sparsely developed ground vegetation, parasitizing exposed cocoons in the upper story in spring. The torymids Monodontomerus dentipes Dalm. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) and M. minor Ratz.(Hymenoptera: Torymidae) were present in all forest types, but parasitized commonly only cocoons in the upper story in summer. Apparently, these generalists can quickly respond to increased densities of upper story exposed "summer" cocoons and thus limit the population growth of the pine sawfly due to the development of a second generation.

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“…Associated plants in the habitat can influence the presence and effect of parasitoids (Lewis and others 1982). They may increase attractiveness by producing nectar and pollen as food (Simmons andothers 1975, Van Emden 1963), which may also affect fecundity and longevity (Syme 1975).…”

Section: Stimuli From the Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical environment manipulation for pest insects control

Greenblatt

Lewis

1983

Environmental Management

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/ The chemical environment of pest species may be considered a habitat susceptible to management Management may be by means of manipulation of the environment of the pest for population suppression or for enhancement of natural enemies Examples of each are reviewed here Chemical stimuli influencing the behavior of phytophagous insects include host plant originated stimuli and pheromones The latter, especially sex pheromones, have proved most successful as tools for manipulation of pest population dynamics Factors influencing search behavior of natural enemies include habitat characteristics such as crop, associated plants and plant assemblages, host plant characteristics, influence of associated organisms, and characteristics of the searching entomophage Recent studies have shown potential for simultaneous management of a pest species and enhancement of natural enemies using pest pheromones

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Influence of Tree Species Density and Composition on Parasitism of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 1

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape

Spruce budworm impact, abundance and parasitism rate in a patchy landscape

Species diversity and niche separation of cocoon parasitoids in different forest types with endemic populations of their host, the Common Pine Sawfly Diprion pini (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Chemical environment manipulation for pest insects control

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