Influence of Water Treatment Technology on the Stability of Tap Water

Abstract

Control of water quality changes in the distribution system is an important issue, due to consumer health, and a threat to technical infrastructure. Annual monitoring of water quality allowed us to analyze the physical, chemical, and biological stability of water produced in two different technological systems. The article examines the extent to which water purification technology affects the possibility of uncontrolled changes in water quality during its transport to the consumer (the risk of secondary water pollution has been estimated). Based on the obtained results, it was found that the groundwater treatment system based on the following processes—aeration, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection—does not ensure the effective elimination of biogenic substances that determine sanitary safety. The treatment technology extended by an additional biofiltration process on granulated activated carbons (GAC) contributed to the improvement of the quality of the treated water (lowering the content of nutrients) and reduced the risk of losing the biological stability of the water in the distribution system. The biofiltration process did not change the physical and chemical stability of the water; the calculated corrosiveness indicators showed that the waters are devoid of aggressive properties, with a tendency to precipitate CaCO3. The production of stable water is a step forward in controlling water quality from source to tap.

The Influence of the Biofiltration Method on the Efficiency of Ammonium Nitrogen Removal from Water in Combined Sorption and Nitrification Processes

“…The biofiltration process reduces both health risks and risks related to threats to technical infrastructure. The risk of exceeding the permissible water quality parameters is significantly reduced, which confirms the validity of introducing the biofiltration process into the water purification system [4].…”

“…High concentrations of nitrite nitrogen in the filtrate are an unfavorable phenomenon because they have a significant impact on inhibiting the growth of nitrifying bacteria present in the biofilter filling. Additionally, nitric acid(III) formed from NO 2 − ions may be toxic to both Nitrosomonas bacteria and Nitrobacter [4]. The accumulation of a significant amount of NO 2 − ions may also result from differences in the growth rates of phase I and phase II nitrifying bacteria.…”

Disinfection of Rainwater for Economic Purposes

“…Stability studies are most often conducted in the context of secondary contamination of tap water in distribution systems [58,59]. The main factors responsible for the secondary growth of microorganisms in water after disinfection processes are biogenic substances and water temperature, the internal condition of the water distribution system network and hydraulic conditions, as well as the presence of disinfectant residues [60,61].…”

Tata kelola sumber daya air berkelanjutan-berkeadilan : Bagaimana Indonesia memperkuat poros maritim?

“…Namun, solusi yang efisien dalam hal waktu dan biaya memerlukan adopsi teknik kreatif dan teknologi seperti penginderaan jarak jauh beresolusi tinggi (misalnya LiDAR dan drone) dan pemodelan berbasis GIS (Qiao et al, 2022). Penelitian yang dilakukan pada simulasi air tanah di AS menggunakan model AnnAGNPS dan MODFLOW mengungkapkan bahwa peningkatan tingkat air tanah bisa dicapai dengan mengurangi tingkat irigasi sebesar 20-40%, menekankan pentingnya adopsi metode irigasi yang efisien untuk memastikan sumber daya air tanah yang berkelanjutan (Domoń et al, 2023). Selain itu, pemodelan AquaCrop membantu dalam memprediksi produksi tanaman dan efisiensi penggunaan air selama budidaya (Pereira et al, 2023).…”