Influenza Pneumonia

Oliveirã, Eurico C.; Marik, Paul E.; Colice, L. Gene

doi:10.1378/chest.119.6.1717

Cited by 98 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Exacerbated lung injury, loss of respiratory function, and bacteremia are the main causes of mortality during postinfluenza superinfection (9, 39–42). We assessed the effect of α-GalCer treatment on the mortality rate in superinfected animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduced local and systemic spread of pneumococci in α-GalCer-treated superinfected mice did not affect survival. Pneumonia, respiratory failure, and bacteremia are the major causes of death in IAV-superinfected patients (9, 39–42). Histological analysis of lung sections indicated the presence of severe postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia in vehicle-treated and α-GalCer-treated superinfected mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histological analysis of lung sections indicated the presence of severe postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia in vehicle-treated and α-GalCer-treated superinfected mice. This vigorous inflammatory response is usually associated with respiratory failure (9, 39–42) and is likely to have been the cause of death in our model of severe IAV-pneumococcal infection. Recent studies have shown that controlling bacterial outgrowth and exacerbated host inflammatory responses might be of particular value in reducing the negative outcomes of bacterial superinfections (17, 42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells by α-Galactosylceramide Reduces Pneumococcal Outgrowth and Dissemination Postinfluenza

Barthélémy

Ivanov

Hassane

et al. 2016

mBio

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Influenza A virus infection can predispose to potentially devastating secondary bacterial infections. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional, lipid-reactive T lymphocytes that exert potent immunostimulatory functions. Using a mouse model of postinfluenza invasive secondary pneumococcal infection, we sought to establish whether α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer [a potent iNKT cell agonist that is currently in clinical development]) could limit bacterial superinfection. Our results highlighted the presence of a critical time window during which α-GalCer treatment can trigger iNKT cell activation and influence resistance to postinfluenza secondary pneumococcal infection. Intranasal treatment with α-GalCer during the acute phase (on day 7) of influenza virus H3N2 and H1N1 infection failed to activate (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and interleukin-17A [IL-17A]) iNKT cells; this effect was associated with a strongly reduced number of conventional CD103+ dendritic cells in the respiratory tract. In contrast, α-GalCer treatment during the early phase (on day 4) or during the resolution phase (day 14) of influenza was associated with lower pneumococcal outgrowth and dissemination. Less intense viral-bacterial pneumonia and a lower morbidity rate were observed in superinfected mice treated with both α-GalCer (day 14) and the corticosteroid dexamethasone. Our results open the way to alternative (nonantiviral/nonantibiotic) iNKT-cell-based approaches for limiting postinfluenza secondary bacterial infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells by α-Galactosylceramide Reduces Pneumococcal Outgrowth and Dissemination Postinfluenza

Barthélémy

Ivanov

Hassane

et al. 2016

mBio

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“…The occurrence of progressive disease with bilateral pulmonary consolidation or acute respiratory distress syndrome and associated with high death rates has been described for patients with influenza‐associated pneumonia, particularly those with infections caused by new subtypes of the influenza virus 23 , 24 . Also, the burden and character of the disease in low‐resource settings are still incompletely understood 25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical epidemiology comparison of H1N1 RT-PCR-positive and RT-PCR-negative pneumonia during the 2009-2010 pandemic in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt

Ahmed

Awadalla

Saleh

2011

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Ahmed et al. (2011) Clinical epidemiology comparison of H1N1 RT‐PCR‐positive and RT‐PCR‐negative pneumonia during the 2009–2010 pandemic in Mansoura University hospitals, Egypt. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(4), 241–246 Background Worldwide, the infectivity and disease burden of the H1N1 pandemic were overestimated because of limited clinical experience concerning patient presentation and outcome of those infected with the novel H1N1 virus. Objective This study aimed to compare the epidemiologic clinical data among H1N1 RT‐PCR‐positive and RT‐PCR‐negative pneumonic patients during the 2009–2010 pandemic in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. Methods A record‐based, case–control study was conducted for 43 adult patients admitted to the chest department isolation unit with community‐acquired pneumonia during the 2009–2010 H1N1 pandemic after reviewing of 198 suspected and confirmed H1N1 hospitalized cases. Of these patients, 20 cases were confirmed to be H1N1‐positive using an RT‐PCR detection technique. The remaining 23 patients were RT‐PCR‐negative. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collected and analyzed using spss version 11. Results A review of 198 hospital case records for revealed one main peak of H1N1 influenza during the last week of December 2009. Pneumonic patients who were H1N1‐positive were more likely to present with sore throat (P = 0·005), dyspnea (P = 0·002), and gastrointestinal (GIT) complaints (vomiting and diarrhea P = 0·02) when compared to the H1N1‐negative group. Also, complications were significantly more frequent (P = 0·01) in the H1N1‐confirmed group than in the non‐confirmed group. However, no significant differences were found between the groups regarding length of hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU), and admission or mortality. Conclusion Sore throat, dyspnea, and presence of GIT complaints increase the suspicion of H1N1 positivity in pneumonia acquired during an H1N1 pandemic. However, H1N1 did not worsen the disease burden of pneumonia.

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“…The rapidity 40, 99, 114, 119, 123, 145–150 and severity of the respiratory failure 151 that occurs often requires extensive and prolonged therapies (intensive both in terms of resources and staffing) 42, 44, 145, 148, 152 and may require rescue therapies not widely available (nitric oxide, 44 high-frequency oscillation, 44 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation [ECMO]. 44, 153–154 Resource management during a pandemic will be a tremendous challenge but must be pursued robustly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic Influenza

Manuell

Ellison

2011

J Intensive Care Med

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In a five week span during the 1918 influenza A pandemic, more than 2,000 patients were admitted to Cook County Hospital in Chicago with a diagnosis of either influenza or pneumonia; 642 patients, approximately 31% of those admitted, died with deaths occurring predominantly in patients twenty-five to thirty years of age.1 This review summarizes basic information on the biology, epidemiology, control, treatment and prevention of influenza overall, and then addresses the potential impact of pandemic influenza in an Intensive Care Unit setting. Issues that require consideration include workforce staffing and safety, resource management, alternate sites of care surge of patients, altered standards of care and crisis communication.

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Influenza Pneumonia

Cited by 98 publications

References 34 publications

Exogenous Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells by α-Galactosylceramide Reduces Pneumococcal Outgrowth and Dissemination Postinfluenza

Exogenous Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells by α-Galactosylceramide Reduces Pneumococcal Outgrowth and Dissemination Postinfluenza

Clinical epidemiology comparison of H1N1 RT-PCR-positive and RT-PCR-negative pneumonia during the 2009-2010 pandemic in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt

Pandemic Influenza

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