“…Of these, the human resource (management) competencies are critical for effectively leveraging IT resources (Bassellier, Benbasat, & Reich, 2003;Bassellier et al, 2001;Bharadwaj, Bharadwaj, & Konsynski, 2000;Ngai, Chau, & Chan, 2011). Top managers determine the critical issues of timing and intensity of adopting IT resources (Powell & Dent-Micallef, 1997;Ray, Barney, & Muhanna, 2004;Ray, Muhamma, & Barney, 2005).…”