Infrared analysis of depth profiles in UV-photochemical degradation of polymers

Nagai, Naoto; Matsunobe, T.; Imai, T.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.11.001

Cited by 88 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many of the studies in the literature employ intense degradation methods with high heat flux or radiation intensity, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (for thermal degradation) or photoablation via laser radiation (for photodegradation). [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In addition, some degradation reactions dependent on the wavelength of applied radiation have been shown to occur. [33,34,[38][39][40] Our previous publications clearly demonstrated that degradation mechanisms cannot necessarily be extrapolated from other studies under different conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Poly(butyl acrylate) and Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Model Compounds Under Extreme Environmental Conditions

Bennet

Barker²,

Davis

et al. 2010

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The degradation of low‐MW ($\overline {M} _{n} $ = 1 500 g · mol−1) model compounds of pBA and pHEMA were studied under conditions corresponding to the worst‐case temperatures and irradiation intensities likely to be experienced by a surface coating exposed to the harsh Australian environment. Vinyl‐terminated polymers were compared to their saturated analogues; the terminal vinyl bond was found to be a source of instability which rendered the polymers more susceptible to degradation. The cyclic degradation mechanism derived from degradation of pMMA in our previous publication is also relevant to pBA and pHEMA. In addition, pBA and pHEMA are susceptible to other degradation and crosslinking reactions; crosslinking is particularly rapid in pHEMA exposed to UV radiation.magnified image

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Poly(butyl acrylate) and Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Model Compounds Under Extreme Environmental Conditions

Bennet

Barker²,

Davis

et al. 2010

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…These enzymes are too large to penetrate deep into the polymer, so act on the surface by cleaving the polymer chain via hydrolytic mechanisms (Palmisano and Pettigrew 1992). Biological processes are further enhanced by the formation of the aforementioned utilizable functional groups in the polymer chain Nagai et al 2005a). Over time, abiotic and biotic factors work together to further the degradation process.…”

Section: Biotic Degradation (Biodegradation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Degradation, and Effect of Polymer-Based Materials in the Environment

Lambert

Sinclair

Boxall

2013

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

161

151

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There is now a plethora of polymer-based materials (PBMs) on the market, because of the increasing demand for cheaper consumable goods, and light-weight industrial materials. Each PBM constitutes a mixture of their representative polymer/sand their various chemical additives. The major polymer types are polyethylene, polypropylene,and polyvinyl chloride, with natural rubber and biodegradable polymers becoming increasingly more important. The most important additives are those that are biologically active, because to be effective such chemicals often have properties that make them resistant to photo-degradation and biodegradation. During their lifecycle,PBMs can be released into the environment form a variety of sources. The principal introduction routes being general littering, dumping of unwanted waste materials,migration from landfills and emission during refuse collection. Once in the environment,PBMs are primarily broken down by photo-degradation processes, but due to the complex chemical makeup of PBMs, receiving environments are potentially exposed to a mixture of macro-, meso-, and micro-size polymer fragments, leached additives, and subsequent degradation products. In environments where sunlight is absent (i.e., soils and the deep sea) degradation for most PBMs is minimal .The majority of literature to date that has addressed the environmental contamination or disposition of PBMs has focused on the marine environment. This is because the oceans are identified as the major sink for macro PBMs, where they are known to present a hazard to wildlife via entanglement and ingestion. The published literature has established the occurrence of microplastics in marine environment and beach sediments, but is inadequate as regards contamination of soils and freshwater sediments. The uptake of microplastics for a limited range of aquatic organisms has also been established, but there is a lack of information regarding soil organisms, and the long-term effects of microplastic uptake are also less well understood.There is currently a need to establish appropriate degradation test strategies consistent with realistic environmental conditions, because the complexity of environmental systems is lost when only one process (e.g., hydrolysis) is assessed in isolation. Enhanced methodologies are also needed to evaluate the impact of PBMs to soil and freshwater environments.

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“…Polymethylmethacrylate is a highly photostable polymer due to its weak absorption of the solar UV radiation (Nagai et al, 2005). The infrared spectra of PMMA samples are shown in Fig.5 (D).…”

Section: Polymer Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of several commercial polymers as support for TiO2 in photocatalytic applications

2014

Global NEST Journal

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This work is aimed to select the best synthetic polymers available in the market with high transmittance in the TiO2 activation range that can be coated with the semiconductor and withstand the photocatalytic oxidation conditions. Among eleven commercial organic polymers with different additives and processing techniques, only polypropylene, polystyrene, sheet moulding processed poly (methyl methacrylate) and rigid polyvinyl chloride presented transmittances higher than 80% at 360 nm , which allows irradiation there through. The selected polymers were coated without a calcination step with anatase-TiO2 obtained by sol-gel. Their weathering was studied during 150 days of exposure to solar radiation, with and without the TiO2 layer. It was observed that only poly (methyl methacrylate) retains the titania and the good optical and mechanical properties after the natural weathering, and thus is the best candidate for immobilization of TiO2 for air photocatalytic treatment applications.

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Infrared analysis of depth profiles in UV-photochemical degradation of polymers

Cited by 88 publications

References 15 publications

Degradation of Poly(butyl acrylate) and Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Model Compounds Under Extreme Environmental Conditions

Degradation of Poly(butyl acrylate) and Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Model Compounds Under Extreme Environmental Conditions

Occurrence, Degradation, and Effect of Polymer-Based Materials in the Environment

Evaluation of several commercial polymers as support for TiO2 in photocatalytic applications

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