Infrastructure Development and Ape Conservation

doi:10.1017/9781108436427

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 324 publications

(600 reference statements)

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“…Where forests are cleared for agriculture, agro-forestry, natural resource extraction, or human settlements, orangutans are often driven out of their original habitats or have easier access to human crops ( 94 – 96 ). This can lead to conflicts with people when orangutans are found crop foraging or using human-occupied areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

Sherman¹,

Unwin

Travis

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from potentially risky situations. Translocated orangutans exposed to human diseases, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), pose risks to wild and previously released conspecifics. Wildlife disease risk experts recommended halting great ape translocations during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize risk of disease transmission to wild populations. We collected data on orangutan releases and associated disease risk management in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and developed a problem description for orangutan disease and conservation risks. We identified that at least 15 rehabilitated ex-captive and 27 wild captured orangutans were released during the study period. Identified disease risks included several wild-to-wild translocated orangutans in direct contact or proximity to humans without protective equipment, and formerly captive rehabilitated orangutans that have had long periods of contact and potential exposure to human diseases. While translocation practitioners typically employ mitigation measures to decrease disease transmission likelihood, these measures cannot eliminate all risk, and are not consistently applied. COVID-19 and other diseases of human origin can be transmitted to orangutans, which could have catastrophic impacts on wild orangutans, other susceptible fauna, and humans should disease transmission occur. We recommend stakeholders conduct a Disease Risk Analysis for orangutan translocation, and improve pathogen surveillance and mitigation measures to decrease the likelihood of potential outbreaks. We also suggest refocusing conservation efforts on alternatives to wild-to-wild translocation including mitigating human-orangutan interactions, enforcing laws and protecting orangutan habitats to conserve orangutans in situ.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

Sherman¹,

Unwin

Travis

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Orangutans are referred to as the ‘umbrella’ species because their existence could serve as a healthy indicator for protected forests and natural conservation areas. The World Bank reports based on previous monitoring activities in Africa and South America showed that the improved road-access and facilities that facilitates natural habitat degradations, particularly within the NP and its peripheries, and also the Soraya Park ( Arcus Foundation 2018 ). A sign of ‘political changing will’ was prepared by the Ministry of Forestry, with contributions from a few renowned orangutans’ experts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nest Characteristics of the Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in the Wildlife Sanctuary Soraya Station in Aceh Province, Indonesia

Andini

Rahmi

Mardiana

et al. 2021

TLSR

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Orangutans (Pongo spp.) populations used to be widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, from Java in the south to the Southern China in the north during the Pleistocene. Their populations have declined up to 75% of their original size and are now distributed only in parts of the tropical rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. Pongo pygmaeus, Pongo tapanuliensis and Pongo abelii are the three most representative species, in this study, here we discussed the latter. Sumatran forests are generally suffering from deforestation with rates ranging from 3.74% to 49.85% between 2000 and 2012. Thus, human wildlife conflict intensity has escalated and gained more traction. Orangutans are known as arboreal great apes and need to build nests for resting. We applied the transect line method (three transects; each 1,000 m long) at different elevations in Soraya Research Station, Gelombang Village, Sultan Daulat sub-district, Subulussalam district, and assessed the nest characteristics. The characteristics are: (1) nesting position referring to the position of nest on a tree; (2) nest successional stages defining the age and leaf decay used in constructing a nest indicated with I (new) until V (almost gone); and (3) nest density to predict the density of nest per square km. Afterwards, the identified nesting trees along the transect were further identified based on their species, and assessed based on three characteristics (the tree height, diameter and the height of a nest measured from the soil). A total of 27 nests were found, and 44% were located in transect III or at the riparian. Out of 27, four orangutans’ nests were found on Moraceae (Streblus elongatus) and Myrtaceae (Syzigium spp.), while three nests were found on Dipterocarpus sp. The tree height, tree diameter and nest height were 10 m–25 m (mean = 17.5 m; SD = ± 0.25), 10 cm–30 cm (mean = 20 cm; SD = ± 0.4) and 16 m–20 m (mean = 18 m; SD = ± 0.35), respectively. Meanwhile, nest density calculated based on the form: d = [N/ (L* 2w)], and the values obtained were 8.4, 13.45, 26.9 nests/km2 located on transect I, II and III or at the riparian. The most commonly found nest successional stages and position were stage III and position 3, respectively. This study could serve as a baseline research in primate conservation and nest characterisation could be used as guidance for any future activity planning (e.g. tree reforestation) in a particular region and the existence of various tree species diversity are indispensable for maintaining orangutan habitats’ quality.

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No Planet for Apes? Assessing Global Priority Areas and Species Affected by Linear Infrastructures

2021

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Approximately 65% of primate species are facing extinction, with threats including the impacts of linear infrastructures such as roads, railways and powerlines, associated with habitat loss and fragmentation, direct and indirect mortality, and changes in animal behavioural patterns. Nevertheless, this is an often-overlooked topic in Primatology, and there is limited information on which regions and species are most affected by linear infrastructures. Here, we provide a global assessment of priority areas and primate species for conservation by integrating information from global-scale openaccess datasets on the distributional ranges, traits, and threats to primate species and linear infrastructures, together with a systematic literature review and a questionnaire sent to Primatological Societies. We produced a bivariate map that reflects the patterns of co-occurrence of the Conservation Value and Infrastructure density. From this map we highlight Primate Mitigation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and Infrastructure density), which are areas where infrastructure mitigation should be prioritized; and the Primate Preservation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and low Infrastructure Density), which represent areas that should be preserved from further infrastructure development. Primate Mitigation Areas primarily include the Atlantic forest of Brazil, the Guinean Forests of West Africa and most of South-eastern Asia, whereas Primate Preservation Areas are found principally in the Amazon and Congo river basins. Our assessment also produced a list of priority species affected by infrastructures, with the great apes and gibbons ranking highest. Global infrastructure projects, and especially the Belt and Road Initiative, can seriously Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ascensão, F., D'Amico, M. & Barrientos, R. (2021) No planet for apes? Assessing global priority areas and species affected by linear infrastructures.

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Infrastructure Development and Ape Conservation

Cited by 7 publications

References 324 publications

Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations

Nest Characteristics of the Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in the Wildlife Sanctuary Soraya Station in Aceh Province, Indonesia

No Planet for Apes? Assessing Global Priority Areas and Species Affected by Linear Infrastructures

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