Infrastructure under pressure: Water management and state-making in southern Iraq

Mason, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.04.006

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Water is a basic and precious resource for all life on Earth. (Mason, 2022) are among the most vulnerable sectors. This has heightened interest in the function of water as a source of conflict (Gleick, 2019) as well as the consequences of armed wars on water and water systems (Schillinger et al, 2020;Khilchevskyi and Mezentsev, 2021).…”

Section: Military Activities Surrounding Ukraine-russia Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

GJNR

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Chilgoza (Pinus gerardiana) forests naturally exist on the highest elevations of the Himalaya Mountains in the provinces of Paktia, Kunar, Nangarhar, Nuristan, and Paktika in the southeast of Afghanistan. These forests provide a sizable source of income for the people living in these areas. The spread and natural regeneration of chilgoza pine forests is declining in the natural environment as a result of overharvesting, erratic annual seed production, and prolonged dormancy; therefore, it is necessary to find an effective method to enhance seed germination and seedling growth. Application of different Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) hormone concentrations (50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm), the removal of the seed coat, and control (untreated) treatments were used to conduct an experiment for this study. For each treatment, seedling growth parameters and the percentage of seeds that germinated were examined. The results showed that the T 4 treatment had the highest average length of seedling, shoot, and root, measuring 13.34 cm, 8.1 cm, and 8.4 cm, respectively; whereas the T 1 treatment had the shortest average lengths of seedling, shoot, and root, measuring 11.22 cm, 6.5 cm, and 6.2 cm, respectively. The greatest percentage of germination (78.66%) was observed in T 4 (100 ppm), whereas the lowest percentage (26%) was documented in T 1 (Control). The highest average number of leaves was recorded in T 4 (22.25) and the lowest in T 1 (15.02) treatment. The results indicated that treating chilgoza pine seeds in a 100 ppm solution of GA 3 for 24 hours enhances both the seed germination and sprouting seedling growth.

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Section: Military Activities Surrounding Ukraine-russia Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023

GJNR

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Section: Military Activities Surrounding Ukraine-russia Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Legal Dimensions of Environmental Policy within the Framework of Ukraine's Sustainable Development Strategy

Kovalenko,

Kolb,

Bondarenko

et al. 2023

GJNR

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This article is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of the organizational and legal problems involved in the evolution and implementation of the environmental policy as integral part of the sustainable development strategy of Ukraine. This research is based on the international documents defining the goals of sustainable development and that are guidelines for harmonizing legal instruments in rationalizing nature use conforming the European Green laws. Based on the analysis of the current environmental legislation of Ukraine and its application, as well as inculcating the views of scientists, a conclusion is drawn about the need for prioritizing sectoral environmental reforms in the fields of biodiversity protection, curbing industrial pollution, waste management, emission monitoring and reporting, environmental control, and statutory responsibility. The grey areas of improving Ukraine's environmental policy ensuring effective, transparent and modern post-war reconstruction are identified as: strengthening control over compliance with standards and environmental regulations concerning nature management; improving the mechanism of payments for harming the environment; giving tax benefits and other financial incentives to environmentally innovative practices; encouraging the environmental audit and certification; pricing flexibly the ecological products; stimulating scientific temperament in solving environmental problems; and so on.

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“…Accordingly, it plays a pivotal role in the Sustainable Development Goals by securing societal and environmental well-being 1 . At the same time, freshwater as a resource 2 and related water infrastructure 3 are among the most vulnerable sectors during armed conflicts. This has led to increased attention to both the role of water as a driver of conflicts 4 and the impacts of armed conflicts on water and water systems 5,6 .…”

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Impact of the Russia–Ukraine armed conflict on water resources and water infrastructure

et al. 2023

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The armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia that began in late February 2022 has far-reaching environmental consequences, especially regarding water resources and management. Here we analysed the multifaceted impacts of the military actions on freshwater resources and water infrastructure during the first three months of the conflict. We identified the nature of the impacts, the kind of pressures imposed on the water sector and the negative consequences for the availability and quality of freshwater resources for the civilian population. Our results showed that many water infrastructures such as dams at reservoirs, water supply and treatment systems and subsurface mines have been impacted or are at risk from military actions. Continuation of the conflict will have multiple negative sustainability implications not only in Ukraine but also on a global scale, hampering achievement of clean water and sanitation, conservation and sustainable use of water resources, and energy and food security.

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Infrastructure under pressure: Water management and state-making in southern Iraq

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

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Exploring the Legal Dimensions of Environmental Policy within the Framework of Ukraine's Sustainable Development Strategy

Impact of the Russia–Ukraine armed conflict on water resources and water infrastructure

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