Inhalant Addiction

Real, Tania; Cruz, Silvia L.; Medina‐Mora, María Elena

doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_108

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Inhalation abuse can harm the body, causing users to feel dizzy, unconscious, and can cause liver, heart, and brain disorders (Edelfield & Moosa, 2011;Glei et al, 2020;Hassan et al, 2017;Jain & Verma, 2016;Knopf, 2021;Real et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between knowledge and adolescent social environment with inhalation abuse (fox glue)

Losita¹,

Damayanti

2021

konseli

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This study was to determine the relationship between knowledge about the dangers of inhalationand the social environment of adolescents to the abuse of Fox glue. This study used a Cross-Sectional Design experimental design. The research subjects used in this study were 64 adolescents in the Pidada Panjang village, Bandar Lampung. Selection of subjects using simple random sampling technique by taking samples from members of the population at random without considering the existing strata. In this study, using data collection techniques with three instruments, the first instrument is knowledge of inhalation hazards (Asti, 2014), the second instrument is the influence of the social environment (Hidayat, 2016), and the third instrument of inhalation abuse changed by the researchers themselves. The data analysis technique used was Univariate and Bivariate. The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge about the dangers of inhalation (p-value = 0.003) and the social environment of adolescents (p-value = 0.000) on the abuse of Fox glue. The findings of this study prove that knowledge about the dangers of inhalation and the social environment is related to the prevention of inhalation abuse (Fox glue) in adolescents. The higher the knowledge about the dangers of inhalation and a good social environment, the higher the preventive measures against inhalation (Fox glue)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between knowledge and adolescent social environment with inhalation abuse (fox glue)

Losita¹,

Damayanti

2021

konseli

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“…Despite the worldwide use of toluene, the treatments for inhalant users are limited, and there is a clear need for more effective treatment options [21]. Some of these treatments include psychological and psychosocial interventions [22], and only a few studies have analyzed pharmacological approaches for the inhalant treatment [23]. In addition, in postmortem analysis of brains from patients undergoing inhalant addiction, it had been shown that gliosis, microglia migration and proliferation, cerebral atrophy, and myelin loss are the main effects of toluene exposure; it is important to say that for all the mentioned processes, neuroinflammation is critical for their establishment [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Methylprednisolone Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Induced by Chronic Toluene Exposure

et al. 2022

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Inhalants are chemical substances that induce intoxication, and toluene is the main component of them. Increasing evidence indicates that a dependence on inhalants involves a state of chronic stress associated to the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system and release of proinflammatory mediators, especially in some brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex, where the circuits of pleasure and reward are. In this study, anti-neuroinflammatory treatment based on a single dose of intranasal methylprednisolone was assessed in a murine model of chronic toluene exposure. The levels of proinflammatory mediators, expression levels of Iba-1 and GFAP, and histological changes in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens were evaluated after the treatment. The chronic exposure to toluene significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO, the expression of GFAP, and induced histological alterations in mouse brains. The treatment with intranasally administered MP significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and NO and the expression of GFAP (p < 0.05); additionally, it reversed the central histological damage. These results indicate that intranasally administered methylprednisolone could be considered as a treatment to reverse neuroinflammation and histological damages associated with the use of inhalants.

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“…Inhalants are volatile substances at room temperature that are deliberately used to achieve a state of intoxication (Balster, Cruz, Howard, Dell, & Cottler, 2009;Dell, Gust, & MacLean, 2011). They are present in many commercial products such as paint thinner, glues and industrial solvents (Real, Cruz, & Medina-Mora, 2015). Toluene is the most widely misused organic solvent, mainly among adolescents (Hynes-Dowell, Mateu-Gelabert, Taunhauser Barros, & Delva, 2011;Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, Schulenberg, & Miech, 2016;Nguyen, O'Brien, & Schapp, 2016;Villatoro, Cruz, Ortiz, & Medina-Mora, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual behaviour is impaired by the abused inhalant toluene in adolescent male rats

Violante-Soria

Cruz

Rodrı́guez–Manzo

2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Inhalant misuse is a worldwide problem, especially among adolescents. Toluene is the most widely misused inhalant. One hallmark of adolescence is the emergence of sexual behaviour, which can be affected by drug use. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of toluene inhalation on different aspects of male rats' sexual behaviour using a binge pattern of exposure in adolescent rats. Male Wistar rats were individually exposed to air or 6,000 ppm toluene for 30 min (acute exposure; n = 8 each) or twice a day for 12 days (repeated exposure; n = 9 each) in static exposure chambers. Independent groups of sexually experienced, adolescent rats (postnatal day 63, PN63) were tested after acute toluene exposure for copulation, sexual incentive motivation or noncontact erections. Sexually naïve, adolescent rats (PN45-59) were repeatedly exposed to toluene and tested for sexual behaviour after completing the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th exposure sessions. Acute toluene exposure impaired copulatory performance, diminished sexual incentive motivation and delayed noncontact erection occurrence in sexually experienced rats. Repeated toluene exposure during adolescence completely inhibited the onset of copulatory behaviours in sexually naïve rats, at the time at which they should have appeared. However, once the inhalant exposure ended, copulatory responses appeared gradually, and animals attained a typical, stable copulatory pattern. In conclusion, acute toluene exposure impairs sexual behaviour in young, sexually experienced animals, while repeated toluene exposure during adolescence prevents the onset of copulatory behaviour, although this effect is transitory.

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Inhalant Addiction

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Relationship between knowledge and adolescent social environment with inhalation abuse (fox glue)

Relationship between knowledge and adolescent social environment with inhalation abuse (fox glue)

Intranasal Methylprednisolone Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Induced by Chronic Toluene Exposure

Sexual behaviour is impaired by the abused inhalant toluene in adolescent male rats

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