Inheritance of Apple (Malus × domestica (L.) Borkh) Resistance against Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.) in Hybrid Breeding Material Obtained by Gene Pyramiding

Zelmene, Kristīne; Kārkliņa, Katrīna; Ikase, L.; Lācis, Gunārs

doi:10.3390/horticulturae8090772

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among the testers, Prima produced the offspring with the best response to powdery mildew and was appreciated as a good parent not only for resistance to apple scab but also for resistance or tolerance to powdery mildew. These results confirmed that resistance to apple scab and powdery mildew can be further improved by the judicious selection of parents involved in future hybridizations [ 78 , 81 , 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Quantitative Traits of Interest in Apple Breeding and Their Implications for Selection

Sestraş

Sestraș

2023

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apple breeding is a laborious and long-lasting process that requires qualified resources, land, time, and funds. In this study, more than 5000 F1 apple hybrids from direct and testcrosses were analyzed. The results revealed how the phenotypic expression of the main quantitative traits of interest assessed in five half-sib families was controlled by the additive genetic effects and by non-additive effects of dominance and epistasis. The statistical number of hybrids required to ensure efficient selection increased exponentially with the number of desirable traits. The minimum number of progenies required to obtain a hybrid with associated quantitative traits of agronomic interest was highly variable. For two independent traits essential in selection (fruit size and quality), but incorporated together in the same hybrid, the statistical number was between about 30 and 300. If three more cumulative traits were added (a large number of fruits per tree, resistance/tolerance to apple scab, and powdery mildew attack), the limits increased to between 1500 and 18,000. The study highlighted the need for new apple varieties due to the narrowing of the genetic diversity of the cultivated species and how the choice of parents used in hybridizations (as well as the objectives pursued in the selection) can increase the efficiency of apple breeding.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Quantitative Traits of Interest in Apple Breeding and Their Implications for Selection

Sestraş

Sestraș

2023

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In commercial orchards, especially in organic farms, and in home gardens, locally bred cultivars with resistance genes, predominantly Rvi6 , have been grown in small quantities since 2011 [ 49 , 50 ]. Moreover, intensive resistant apple breeding, including resistance provided by the Rvi5 and Rvi6 genes, has been carried out in Latvia since 1989 [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Although there were no isolates from the Rvi5 or Rvi6 hosts among the genotyped isolates from Latvia, the virulent pathogen could infect other genotypes without resistance genes, and such sites without scab management (greenery, home gardens), near commercial orchards or nurseries, may be the source of the diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Venturia inaequalis in Latvia Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apple scab caused by the ascomycete Venturia inaequalis is an economically significant disease worldwide. The annual sexual reproduction of V. inaequalis leads to high variation, changes in the population’s genetic structure and adaptations to the changing environment, including overcoming the host’s resistance. The objective of this study is to characterise and assess the genetic diversity of V. inaequalis populations in two main apple-growing regions in Latvia. In total, 143 V. inaequalis isolates were collected from Latvia, six reference strains with known virulence were obtained from other countries, and all strains were genotyped by 12 SSR markers. The SSR markers were highly variable and informative, identifying 158 alleles that ranged from two to 29 per locus. The Bayesian clustering identified three genetic lineages among the Latvian isolates that did not correlate to the geographic origin, host genotype, organ (leaves or fruits) from which the pathogen was isolated, time of collection, and type of isolation (single conidium or ascospore). The possible relatedness to virulence was detected when reference strains with known virulence were included in the analysis. Our findings correspond with previous studies demonstrating that V. inaequalis in Europe has a high genetic diversity within populations, but low diversity among the populations.

show abstract

“…Molecular markers for scab resistance genes. Gene specific markers for Rvi6 and Rvi5 (Cheng et al, 1998;Vejl et al, 2003, respectively) are used for crosses where parents are thought to carry these genes (Zelmene et al, 2022). For elite hybrids and parent cultivars, molecular screening has started also for other scab resistance gene markers.…”

Section: Scope Of Hybridisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Achievements of the Latvian Apple Breeding Programme

Ikase

Drudze

Lācis³

2022

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia has a lack of climate adapted modern cultivars. The Latvian apple breeding programme is targeted at cultivars adapted to the cool climate of Baltic countries and Scandinavia, with fruit quality and storage suitable for commercial production. Since 1989, scab resistance (Rvi6, Rvi5) donors are included in crosses. Several cultivars already show commercial promise — ‘Dace’, ‘Gita’, ’Monta’ (Rvi6) and the polygenic resistant ‘Laila’ and ‘Pure Ametist’. However, in 2020, the Rvi6 resistance was overcome in Latvia. Donors of polygenic scab tolerance may prove a better alternative. The most successful donors have been ‘Iedzēnu’, ‘Eksotika’, ‘Alesya’, and ‘Bohemia’. Marker assisted gene pyramiding was started, including markers linked to the resistance genes Rvi5 and Rvi6. Scab resistant cultivars ‘Edite’, ‘Felicita’, ‘Ligita’, and ‘Paulis’ show low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima canker. To achieve high fruit quality and good storage, worldwide commercial cultivars are crossed with local adapted cultivars. Such crosses that have been registered include ‘Inta’, ‘Lora’, and ‘Saulesmeita’. Recent crosses for quality include ‘Honeycrisp’, where H-1-07-36 and H-1-07-42 show most promise. Improved biochemical content and flesh structure is one of the main targets. An additional line of breeding is aimed at ornamental and cider apples. The scab resistant Nr.19-97-154 (Cidross) was selected for cider. The red leaf columnar apple ‘Karlens’ and the compact red-leaf crab ‘Auce’ have been registered.

show abstract

Inheritance of Apple (Malus × domestica (L.) Borkh) Resistance against Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint.) in Hybrid Breeding Material Obtained by Gene Pyramiding

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Quantitative Traits of Interest in Apple Breeding and Their Implications for Selection

Quantitative Traits of Interest in Apple Breeding and Their Implications for Selection

Genetic Diversity of Venturia inaequalis in Latvia Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

Current Achievements of the Latvian Apple Breeding Programme

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About