Inhibición: una función ejecutiva difícil de medir. Algunas problemáticas en relación con las pruebas de inhibición informatizadas

Abstract

Currently inhibition is considered one of the main executive functions and it has been linked to several fundamental skills throughout the life cycle. There is also an important discussion about its structure and nature, emphasizing perspectives that conceive it as a unitary construct and others that propose a family of inhibitory processes. The debate has also spread on a series of skills aimed at measuring inhibition which are derived from the theoretical perspectives. Among this set of tasks, those with a computerized format receive an important interest, since their use has grown as a result of the technological revolution and the advantages that have in the administration and registration process.

Development of inhibitory processes during the first years of primary schooling.

“…Here, reliable and valid tasks with low demands from other EFs were used, however, results may vary if other tasks are employed. Although it is difficult to find inhibitory tasks with these characteristics (e.g., Aydmune & Introzzi, 2018;Friedman & Miyake, 2004), future works could replicate this study using more tasks to evaluate the same underlying construct, to control the task impurity problem (Miyake & Friedman, 2012;Miyake et al, 2000). In turn, future works could incorporate the analysis of different levels of organization (e.g., neural in addition to behavioral).…”

“…3The tasks based on the Go/No-go paradigm require a response when a go stimulus is presented and that such response was not generated or held when a no-go stimulus is presented. The relative frequency of the go trials compared to the no-go trials creates a tendency to respond on all trials (i.e., prepotent response), which must be inhibited in no-go trials (Aydmune & Introzzi, 2018). Cragg and Nation (2008) modified the standard Go/No-go paradigm to include a home key that had to be pressed down between trials and on no-go trials but released to respond using the target key on go trials.…”

Implicación de la inhibición cognitiva en el gasto financiero en jóvenes de México. Estudio preliminar en neuroeconomía

“…Por otra parte, los estudios sobre funciones ejecutivas (Anderson, 2002;Baggetta y Alexander, 2016;Happaney et al, 2004;Willer et al, 2018) describen que estas actúan de forma concertada para guiar el comportamiento hasta conseguir una meta, cumplir con una tarea y autorregular la conducta. La inhibición es una de las funciones principales, encaminada al control del pensamiento, el comportamiento y los estímulos ambientales que interfieren con el logro de tareas y objetivos actuales (Ambrosini et al, 2019;Aydmune y Introzzi, 2018;Verdejo et al, 2004). Dentro de la inhibición cognitiva e interferencia, al existir un decremento en el tiempo de reacción, las personas regulan una respuesta o reacción inmediata al esperar o ejecutar una respuesta, lo cual retrasas la gratificación e inhibe la primera reacción impulsiva al sustituirla por una respuesta adaptada al contexto en el que se desenvuelve (Lin et al, 2019), tal como sucede con los jóvenes que presentan un menor nivel de gasto.…”

“…Dentro de los procesos del funcionamiento ejecutivo, el control inhibitorio es uno de sus principales componentes, ya que permite a las personas regular una respuesta o una reacción inmediata, al esperar o ejecutar una respuesta, retrasando la gratificación, inhibiendo la primera reacción impulsiva o sustituirla por una respuesta adaptada al contexto en el que se desenvuelve (Lin, Liew y Pérez, 2019). La función principal de la inhibición consiste en el control de las tendencias ligadas al pensamiento, al comportamiento y a los estímulos ambientales que interfieren con el logro de las tareas y objetivos actuales (Aydmune y Introzzi, 2018).…”

Perceptual, cognitive and response inhibition in emotional contexts in children.

“…In this way, results allowed us to make valid inferences about the measurements of the three inhibitory processes in both contexts. This is fundamental because the relevant literature has shown that many tasks used to measure the inhibitory processes do not have these features, which consequently biases the results of those studies (Aydmune & Introzzi, 2018; Friedman & Miyake, 2004; Shilling, Chetwynd, & Rabbitt, 2002). Every task showed that the most interferent conditions—that is, incongruent, with entirely irrelevant distractors and lure + 1 conditions—showed a decrease in performance (longer RTs and less accuracy) in both contexts.…”