Inhibitory effect of the red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense against the toxic effects of Lachesis muta snake venom

Claudino, Mariana Moreira; Domingos, Thaisa Francielle Souza; Silva, Geisiane Alves da; Fonseca, Rainiomar Raimundo; Cavalcanti, Diana Negrão; Sanchez, Eládio Flores; Teixeira, Valéria Laneuville; Fuly, André Lopes

doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0266-x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…) and snake venom (Claudino et al. ). Thus, the aims of the present work were: (i) to describe the ultrastructure of P. brasiliense CC using optical (OM), transmission (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (ii) to localize mevalonic acid enzyme activity inside CC by using a specific cytochemical assay; and (iii) to investigate the AF activity of P. brasiliense halogenated monoterpenes using in vitro bioassays.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although studies of the chemical ecology of P. brasiliense are scarce, it was demonstrated that P. brasiliense monoterpenes have high anti-herbivore activity Vasconcelos 2014). In an applied context, these molecules showed activity as herbicides (Fonseca et al 2012) and against both herpes virus (Ferreira et al 2010, Pinto et al 2014) and snake venom (Claudino et al 2014). Thus, the aims of the present work were: (i) to describe the ultrastructure of P. brasiliense CC using optical (OM), transmission (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (ii) to localize mevalonic acid enzyme activity inside CC by using a specific cytochemical assay; and (iii) to investigate the AF activity of P. brasiliense halogenated monoterpenes using in vitro bioassays.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mevalonosomes: specific vacuoles containing the mevalonate pathway in Plocamium brasiliense cortical cells (Rhodophyta)

Paradas

Crespo

Salgado

et al. 2015

Journal of Phycology

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This paper has identified, for the first time in a member of the Rhodophyta, a vacuolar organelle containing enzymes that are involved in the mevalonate pathway-an important step in red algal isoprenoid biosynthesis. These organelles were named mevalonosomes (Mev) and were found in the cortical cells (CC) of Plocamium brasiliense, a marine macroalgae that synthesizes several halogenated monoterpenes. P. brasiliense specimens were submitted to a cytochemical analysis of the activity of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS). Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we confirmed the presence of HMGS activity within the Mev. Because HMGS is necessary for the biosynthesis of halogenated monoterpenes, we isolated a hexanic fraction (HF) rich in halogenated monoterpenes from P. brasiliense that contained a pentachlorinated monoterpene as a major metabolite. Because terpenes are often related to chemical defense, the antifouling (AF) activity of pentachlorinated monoterpene was tested. We found that the settlement of the mussel Perna perna was reduced by HF treatment (2.25 times less than control; 40% and 90% of fouled surface, respectively; P = 0.001; F9,9 = 1.13). The HF (at 10 μg · mL(-1) ) also inhibited three species of fouling microalgae (Chlorarachnion reptans, Cylindrotheca cloisterium, and Exanthemachrysis gayraliae), while at a higher concentration (50 μg · mL(-1) ), it inhibited the bacteria Halomonas marina, Polaribacter irgensii, Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Vibrio aestuarianus. The AF activity of P. brasiliense halogenated monoterpenes and the localization of HMGS activity inside Mev suggest that this cellular structure found in CC may play a role in thallus protection against biofouling.

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Mevalonosomes: specific vacuoles containing the mevalonate pathway in Plocamium brasiliense cortical cells (Rhodophyta)

Paradas

Crespo

Salgado

et al. 2015

Journal of Phycology

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“…The most interesting data of such work is the neutralizing effect of P. crispa extracts, even when injected before or after B. jararacussu venom. Data from literature have shown antivenom effect of natural products from plants (Mors et al 2000), sponges (Faioli et al 2013;Lombardo and Dennis 1985) or seaweed (Claudino et al 2014;Azofeifa et al 2008;da Silva et al 2015), but their inhibitory mechanism of action is unclear. Moreover, most of these products inhibited the toxic effects only if they were mixed together with venoms; an experimental condition that does not reveal a real situation of envenomation.…”

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confidence: 99%

The seaweed Prasiola crispa (Chlorophyta) neutralizes toxic effects of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom

et al. 2016

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In Brazil, the snake genus Bothrops has many venomous species with 90 % of cases of accidents. Snake bites by Bothrops jararacussu result in moderate to severe envenoming, characterized by hemorrhage, coagulation disorders, tissue necrosis, and death. Antivenom has been regularly used for more than a century but poorly neutralizes myonecrosis. And, as a consequence, victims may have their affected limbs amputated. Thus, the production of antivenom must be improved as well as alternative treatments investigated. Thus, the ability of four extracts of the green alga Prasiola crispa to neutralize some toxic effects of B. jararacussu venom was tested. P. crispa was collected in Antarctica, then extracted using four solvents, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (ETA), n-hexane (HEX), or methanol (MET). The extracts were incubated with B. jararacussu venom, and in vivo (hemorrhagic, lethal, and edematogenic) or in vitro (coagulating and proteolytic) activities were performed. Moreover, B. jararacussu venom was injected into mice before or after the injection of alga extracts. Overall, extracts inhibited all activities. The MET extract inhibited less and HEX, DCM and ETA inhibited more efficiently the activities. These latter extracts fully protected mice from B. jararacussu-induced hemorrhage and delayed death of mice. Edema was partially inhibited (20 %) by all extracts. Neutralization of hemorrhage was also observed when the extracts of P. crispa were administered after or before the venom injection. These results indicate that the extracts of P. crispa have potential to treat or to prevent some toxic effects of B. jararacussu venom, thus aiding in the antivenom therapy.

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“…Previous results from our group have shown the inhibitory activity of plants, marine sponges and seaweed against snake venoms, but little is known about antivenom properties of algae such as P. brasiliense [ 28 , 43 - 45 ]. An initial study was conducted by Claudino et al [ 34 ] analyzing the inhibitory action of P. brasiliense extract against the toxic effects of L. muta snake venom. Apart from antivenom activities, some biological and pharmacological properties have been found in these algae and their derived products, such as defense against marine herbivores and antiviral activity [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, P. brasiliense may be used as herbicide or even as food [ 33 ]. It has been shown that three products isolated from P. brasiliense inhibited some toxic in vitro and in vivo activities of B. jararaca venom: monoterpene 1 (8-bromo-3,4,7-trichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1E, 5E-octadiene), monoterpene 2 (1,8-dibromo-3,4,7-trichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1E, 5E-octadiene) and a cholesterol [ 30 , 32 , 34 ]. Their chemical structures are shown in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense shows anti-snake venom toxic effects

Silva¹,

Domingos²,

Fonseca³

et al. 2015

J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundSnakebite is considered a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. In Brazil, about 70% of the envenomation cases are caused by Bothrops snakes. Its venom may provoke hemorrhage, pain, necrosis, hemolysis, renal or cardiac failure and even death in victims. Since commercial antivenom does not efficiently neutralize the local toxic effects of venoms, natural products have been tested in order to provide alternative or complementary treatment to serum therapy. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the ability of the seaweed Plocamium brasiliense and its active derivatives to neutralize hemorrhagic, edematogenic, hemolytic, coagulant and proteolytic activities of B. jararaca venom.MethodsSpecimens of P. brasiliense were collected in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, dried and submitted to oil extraction using four solvents of increasing polarities, n-hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (ETA) and hydroalcoholic solution (HYD). The solvents were evaporated, yielding HEX, DCM, ETA and HYD extracts. Further, all extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. In addition, two monoterpenes (8-bromo-3,4,7-trichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1E, 5E-octadiene and 1,8-dibromo-3,4,7-trichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1E, 5E-octadiene) and a cholesterol fraction were isolated from the extract of P. brasiliense prepared in hexane. Algal samples were incubated for 30 minutes with B. jararaca venom, and then tested for lethality; hemorrhagic, edematogenic, hemolytic, coagulant and proteolytic effects.ResultsMost of the algal extracts inhibited the toxic effects with different potencies. The DCM extract was the most effective, since it inhibited all types of toxic activity. On the other hand, the HYD extract failed to inhibit any effect. Moreover, the isolated products inhibited proteolysis and protected mice from hemorrhage in 30% of the cases, whereas 8-bromo-3,4,7-trichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1E, 5E-octadiene inhibited 100% and 20% of the hemorrhagic and proteolytic activities, respectively. None of the algal products were toxic to mice.ConclusionSeaweeds may be a promising source of inhibitors against toxic effects caused by B. jararaca envenomation, which may contribute to antivenom treatment.

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Inhibitory effect of the red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense against the toxic effects of Lachesis muta snake venom

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Mevalonosomes: specific vacuoles containing the mevalonate pathway in Plocamium brasiliense cortical cells (Rhodophyta)

Mevalonosomes: specific vacuoles containing the mevalonate pathway in Plocamium brasiliense cortical cells (Rhodophyta)

The seaweed Prasiola crispa (Chlorophyta) neutralizes toxic effects of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom

The red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense shows anti-snake venom toxic effects

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