Initial cooperative decay rate and cooperative Lamb shift of resonant atoms in an infinite cylindrical geometry

Friedberg, R.; Manassah, Jamal T.

doi:10.1103/physreva.84.023839

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We also note that the geometry of the excitation region plays an important role in our observation of many-body dynamics [39]. The optical path length of 2 mm provided by the vapour cell is comparable to the interaction wavelength.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Dilute Rydberg Ensemble

Carr¹,

Ritter²,

Wade³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

232

287

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We demonstrate a non-equilibrium phase transition in a dilute thermal atomic gas. The phase transition, between states of low and high Rydberg occupancy, is induced by resonant dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms. The gas can be considered as dilute as the atoms are separated by distances much greater than the wavelength of the optical transitions used to excite them. In the frequency domain we observe a mean-field shift of the Rydberg state which results in intrinsic optical bistability above a critical Rydberg number density. In the time domain we observe critical slowing down where the recovery time to system perturbations diverges with critical exponent α = −0.53 ± 0.10. The atomic emission spectrum of the phase with high Rydberg occupancy provides evidence for a superradiant cascade.Non-equilibrium systems displaying phase transitions are found throughout nature and society, for example in ecosystems, financial markets and climate [1]. The steady state of a non-equilibrium system is a dynamical equilibrium between driving and dissipative processes. In atomic physics, one of the most studied non-equilibrium phase transitions is optical bistability where the driving is provided by a resonant laser field and the dissipation is inherent in the atom-light interaction. In most examples of optical bistability feedback is provided by an optical cavity, as in the pioneering work of Gibbs [2,3]. However, bistability can also arise in systems where many dipoles are located within a volume which is much smaller than the optical wavelength; in this case the feedback is due to resonant dipole-dipole interactions [4,5]. This latter case is known as intrinsic optical bistability [6] and has, so far, only been observed in an up-conversion process between densely packed Yb 3+ ions in a solid-state crystal host cooled to cryogenic temperatures [7]. Intrinsic optical bistability generally cannot be observed for simple two-level systems such as atomic gases, because the resonance broadening, which is larger than the line shift [8], suppresses the bistable response [9,10].A solution to this problem is provided by highlyexcited Rydberg states, where the dipole-dipole induced level shifts between neighbouring states can be much larger than the excitation linewidth. This property of optical excitation of Rydberg atoms, known as dipole blockade [11], enables a diverse range of applications in quantum many-body physics, quantum information processing [12], non-linear optics [13] and quantum optics [14][15][16][17]. An interesting feature of Rydberg systems is that the range of the interaction can be much larger than the optical excitation wavelength, giving rise to non-local interactions [18]. This also creates the possibility of observing intrinsic optical bistability, and hence non-equilibrium phase transitions [19] over macroscopic, optically-resolvable length scales.In this letter, we demonstrate a non-equilibrium phase transition in a thermal Rydberg ensemble. In contrast to previous experiments, we directly observe...

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mentioning

confidence: 89%

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Dilute Rydberg Ensemble

Carr¹,

Ritter²,

Wade³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

232

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(4) in Eq. (19), one can decompose the second-order term into two parts = ( ), a a q 12 12 = ( ), and similarly for b. In cylindrical coordinates, denoting z s , , …”

Section: Second-order Termmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are a key component in recent considerations of atom chips [11], spontaneous decay rates and level shifts [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], zero-point energy [20], Casimir-Polder interactions [21][22][23], and intermolecular resonance energy transfer [24]. In all these works, the cylinders are assumed to be infinitely long.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spontaneous decay near a finite-length dielectric cylinder

Dung

Hien

2015

Optics Communications

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“…Thus, the ensemble of identical atoms acts as a 'superatom' that similarly experiences a self-energy correction of its energy levels. Due to the long-range nature of the photon exchange, the CLS is strongly depending on the geometry of the sample and has been discussed in several reviews, of which we refer to two of the most recent ones and references therein [11,12].…”

Section: Superradiance and The Collective Lamb Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

The collective Lamb shift in nuclear γ-ray superradiance

Röhlsberger

2012

Hyperfine Interact

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The electromagnetic transitions of Mössbauer nuclei provide almost ideal two-level systems to transfer quantum optical concepts into the regime of hard x-rays. If many identical atoms collectively interact with a resonant radiation field, one observes (quantum) optical properties that are strongly different from those of a single atom. The most prominent effect is the broadening of the resonance line known as collective enhancement, resulting from multiple scattering of real photons within the atomic ensemble. On the other hand, the exchange of virtual photons within the ensemble leads to a tiny energy shift of the resonance line, the collective Lamb shift, that remained experimentally elusive for a long time after its prediction. Here we illustrate how highly brilliant synchrotron radiation allows one to prepare superradiant states of excited Mössbauer nuclei, an important condition for observation of the collective Lamb shift.

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Initial cooperative decay rate and cooperative Lamb shift of resonant atoms in an infinite cylindrical geometry

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Dilute Rydberg Ensemble

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Dilute Rydberg Ensemble

Atomic spontaneous decay near a finite-length dielectric cylinder

The collective Lamb shift in nuclear γ-ray superradiance

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