Initial Studies on the Quantitation of Bruise Damage and Freshness in Mushrooms Using Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Identification of mushrooms that have been physically damaged and the measurement of time elapsed from harvest are very important quality issues in industry. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the chemical changes induced by physical damage and the aging of mushrooms can: (a) be detected in the visible and near infrared absorption spectrum and (b) be modeled using multivariate data analysis. The effect of pre-treatment and the use of different spectral ranges to build PLS models were studied. A model that can identify damaged mushrooms with high sensitivity (0.98) and specificity (1.00), and models that allow estimation of the age (1.0-1.4 days root mean square error of cross-validation) were developed. Changes in water matrix and alterations caused by enzymatic browning were the factors that most influenced the models. The results reveal the possibility of developing an automated system for grading mushrooms based on reflectance in the visible and near infrared wavelength ranges.

Prediction of Polyphenol Oxidase Activity Using Visible Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging on Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Caps

“…36 However, consumer preference for fresh produce makes the management of PPO activity a 37 problem in the production, distribution and retail of fresh mushrooms. 38 Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a rapid and non-destructive technology that has recently 39 emerged as a powerful process analytical tool for food analysis (11). Hyperspectral images 40 are composed of hundreds of contiguous wavebands for each spatial position of an object.…”

A Review of Optical Nondestructive Visual and Near-Infrared Methods for Food Quality and Safety

“…Esquerre et al [81] used VIS and NIR absorption spectra to detect bruises and evaluate the freshness. The partial least-square model was employed and it was mostly influenced by changes in water matrix and enzymatic browning.…”

“…Vegetables, mushrooms, and fungi can suffer physical damages for too rough handling. VIS/NIR absorption seems to be useful for quantifying bruise damages for mushrooms [81,84].…”

Evaluation and identification of markers of damage in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) postharvest using a GC/MS metabolic profiling approach

“…Modeling damage in mushrooms has been reported in literature in recent times (Gowen et al 2008a, b;Esquerre et al 2009;O'Gorman et al 2010;Taghizadeh et al 2010) using different techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging and near infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. These studies yielded models with low error rates for predicting damage in mushrooms highlighting the usefulness of imaging and spectroscopy for detecting physical damage in mushrooms, with the possibility of using these tools to develop classification systems for the industry.…”

“…Recent studies have demonstrated a number of spectroscopic and imaging techniques as being important tools for the investigation of various mushroom quality-related issues, such as mechanical damage (Esquerre et al 2009;O'Gorman et al 2010), freeze damage detection ) and detection of mushroom diseases (Gaston et al 2010); however, there is a need to investigate specific metabolites and metabolic pathways that may be related to browning in order to understand it fully. Metabolomics (GC/MS) coupled with chemometrics has not to the authors knowledge been used to detect damage in mushrooms; however it has been used as a tool in the food industry for similar use for e.g.…”