Injection Pharyngoplasty With Calcium Hydroxyapatite for Treatment of Velopalatal Insufficiency

Speech Outcomes After Clinically Indicated Posterior Pharyngeal Flap Takedown

“…Mean length of postoperative follow-up period was 38.1 ± 27.8 months (range 1-104). Mean age at time of intervention was 12.4 ± 3.9 years (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Mean age for patients undergoing PFF takedown with conversion to Furlow palatoplasty was 12.3 ± 3.9 years (3-20) compared to 12.8 ± 4.2 years (7-22) for those undergoing PPF takedown alone (P = 0.63).…”

“…12,13 Although, a large body of literature exists regarding the identification, prevention, and management of OSA in this population, studies have yet to answer whether speech symptomatology suffers as a consequence of PPF takedown. 8,[14][15][16][17][18][19] There is also a lack of literature exploring conversion of previous straightline palatoplasties to Furlow palatoplasty for these patients. The treatment of these patients is controversial, given the challenge of treating the OSA caused by the PPF while maintaining the improvement in speech owed to the PPF.…”

Treatment of persistent post-adenoidectomy velopharyngeal insufficiency by sphincter pharyngoplasty

“…-No speech improvement for at least 3 months after adenoid removal [8][9][10]. -No history of cleft palate repair.…”

Autologous fat transfer in velopharyngeal insufficiency: Indications and results of a 25 procedures series

“…When ST does not achieve a sufficient improvement on speech or on nasal aspirations, surgery may be indicated. Several surgical strategies have been described over the years (apart from cleft reconstruction): sphincter pharyngoplasty, palatal pushback, velopharyngoplasty (VPP) with posterior pharyngeal flap, pharyngeal posterior wall augmentation with Vaseline [3], Teflon [4], implants [5], cartilage [6,7], muscular flap [8], hydroxyapatite [9,10], and autologous fat transfer (AFT) [3,[11][12][13][14].…”