2014
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.32.20877
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Injectional anthrax - new presentation of an old disease

Abstract: Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

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Cited by 70 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…Notably, while marked edema was observed in a number of patients, the characteristic cutaneous anthrax eschars were reported to be absent in almost all cases published so far [2,10,11]. Necrosis and blistering of the tissues in some cases led to the misdiagnosis of compartment syndrome or necrotizing fasciitis; however, unlike these conditions, erythema, and fever and pain are not pronounced features of IA, and white cell count, C-reactive protein and lactate are not significantly elevated [10,11]. Equally, clinicians should be aware of the possibility for cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis to develop in IA cases [9,12].…”
Section: Ia Outbreaks In 2009-2010 and 2012-2013mentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…Notably, while marked edema was observed in a number of patients, the characteristic cutaneous anthrax eschars were reported to be absent in almost all cases published so far [2,10,11]. Necrosis and blistering of the tissues in some cases led to the misdiagnosis of compartment syndrome or necrotizing fasciitis; however, unlike these conditions, erythema, and fever and pain are not pronounced features of IA, and white cell count, C-reactive protein and lactate are not significantly elevated [10,11]. Equally, clinicians should be aware of the possibility for cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis to develop in IA cases [9,12].…”
Section: Ia Outbreaks In 2009-2010 and 2012-2013mentioning
confidence: 98%
“…The first outbreak, which centered on persons who inject drugs in Scotland, with cases in England and Germany, was originally diagnosed in two heroin users from the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area, presenting with blood cultures positive for B. anthracis [9]. Eventually, 54 laboratory-confirmed cases, with a 33% fatality rate, were reported for the initial outbreak [10]. The second, smaller, wave of cases was more widely distributed geographically, with 15 laboratory-confirmed cases diagnosed in England, Scotland, Wales, Germany, Denmark and France; a case fatality rate of 47% was reported for this cluster [10].…”
Section: Ia Outbreaks In 2009-2010 and 2012-2013mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Most human cases result from environmental (occupational) exposure [7,8]; however, several cases of severe anthrax infections among injecting drug users in Western Europe have been reported since 2009 (probably as a result of the use of contaminated heroin) [8,9]. An important epidemiological characteristic of anthrax is the distinct seasonality of the cases, a feature that has been linked to the annual variations of local weather factors.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%