Ink test: A useful technique to enhance extragenital lichen sclerosus diagnosis

Abstract

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a rare and chronic autoimmune disease, and extragenital LS is particularly challenging to diagnose in children. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis. Dermoscopy is a useful tool when follicular plugs (FP) are observed, though FP are sometimes hard to recognize. The ink test may provide a useful technique to enhance FP visualization and support a diagnosis of extragenital LS, thereby avoiding diagnostic delays or biopsy. Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a rare and chronic autoimmune disease. The estimated prevalence is 1:1000 in a pediatric study. 1 Although genitalia are the most frequently affected areas in children (94%), nearly 3% only developed extragenital disease, and 3% presented with both genital and extragenital lesions. 2 Extragenital LS diagnosis in children may pose

Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy features of lichen sclerosus

“…2). Wykazano także zaburzenia w połączeniu skórno-Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny 2022/3 enhances follicular plugs may support the diagnosis of LS especially in children [2]. The single plaque can cause diagnostic difficulties.…”

“…W przypadkach zaawansowanego LS z licznymi zmianami blaszkowatymi postawienie ostatecznej diagnozy jest możliwe na podstawie obrazu klinicznego. Przydatny w diagnostyce LS, zwłaszcza u dzieci, może być test z atramentem, który pozwala dokładniej uwidocznić czopy w ujściach mieszków [2]. Pojedyncza blaszka może sprawiać trudności diagnostyczne.…”