Inkjet-printed Ag electrodes on paper for high sensitivity impedance measurements

Ma, Hanbin; Su, Youfeng; Jiang, Chen; Nathan, Arokia

doi:10.1039/c6ra18645a

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This method can be quite interesting as an alternative to the expensive specific inkjet printers available . Although modifying ordinary inkjet printer cartridges is also an interesting possibility for the fabrication of low cost miniaturized electrodes , this strategy can bring some limitations to the process. One of the main limitations is the restricted rheology properties needed for the preparation of the conductive ink and the maximum particle size allowed to avoid blocking the nozzle (limited by the nozzle diameter).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, many strategies have been used to protect the connector from being in contact with the solution and to set the WEs’ area, such as wax printing , screen printing , inkjet printing , using adhesive tape etc. . In this context, Lowinsohn and co‐workers introduced the use of toner printing as a low cost and easy to accomplish strategy to delimitate WEs area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct Toner Printing: A Versatile Technology for Easy Fabrication of Flexible Miniaturized Electrodes

2017

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We reported here three simple, low cost and easy to accomplish strategies for the fabrication of microelectrodes and other conductive patterns using ordinary office laser‐printers. In this work, toner patterns were directly printed onto the flexible substrate, acting as a mask to create the intended conductive design. To highlight the versatility of such technology, toner‐printed patterns were employed in two diverse ways: one in which the patterned toner had the exact design of the electrode and other employing a reverse toner‐printed pattern. The first one was used for the adaptation of the well‐known printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication technique, but using direct toner printing (DTP) in an already conductive flexible substrate. The second was employed for the two remaining strategies: one based on the deposition of conductive film, followed by lift‐off process; and another based on drop‐casting of a conductive ink into the formed toner cavities, followed by thermal cure. As proof‐of‐concept, all three DTP strategies were used for the fabrication of miniaturized gold electrodes in polyimide substrate, and electrochemical performance of each obtained electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Insights about DTP technology, alignment issues, advantages, limitations and resolution of each presented approach were provided. Finally, direct toner printing showed to be a simple, affordable and quite promising technology for the fabrication of low cost point‐of‐care electrochemical devices using flexible platforms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Toner Printing: A Versatile Technology for Easy Fabrication of Flexible Miniaturized Electrodes

2017

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“…Since gold inks require high sintering temperatures that are incompatible with plastic substrates, silver inks are much more suitable due to their lower process temperatures, and their use for printing electrodes is well established. [27][28][29] However, the work function of silver is quite low, which makes the above-mentioned combination with p-type OSC even more demanding and raises the question about the suitability of F 4 TCNQ and F 6 TCNNQ as contact primer for silver electrodes. Regarding these metal-organic interfaces, we note that model studies are typically performed on single crystal (111) surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of Printable and Air‐Stable Silver Electrodes with High Work Function using Contact Primer Layer: From Organometallic Interphases to Sharp Interfaces

Widdascheck

Bischof

Witte

2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Contact engineering is an important issue for organic electronics as it allows to reduce charge carrier injection barriers. While the use of molecular contact primer layers to control the energy level alignment is demonstrated in many concept studies, mainly using (single crystalline) model substrates, the processability of electrodes and their robustness must also be considered in real devices. Although silver electrodes can be printed using silver ink, their low work function and sensitivity to oxidation severely limits their use for printable organic electronics. The present study demonstrates that mono layers of F 4 TCNQ and F 6 TCNNQ provide a reliable approach to engineer high work function silver electrodes, which is examined for Ag(111) as well as polycrystalline and silver ink substrates. Notably, upon multilayer growth, a pronounced intercalation of silver into the molecular adlayer occurs, yielding thermally stabilized organometallic interphases extending over the entire adlayer. It is shown that heating allows their controlled desorption leaving behind a well-defined monolayer that is further stabilized by additional charge transfer. Especially F 6 TCNNQ contact primer layers can also be prepared on oxidized silver electrodes yielding work functions of 5.5-5.6 eV, which can even withstand air exposure. Such contact primers show no interdiffusion into subsequently deposited layers of the prototypical p-type organic semiconductor pentacene, hence validating their use for organic electronic devices.

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“…Inkjet printing technology is one of the most outstanding biosensor fabrication techniques, since it uses an old-fashioned printing method combined with innovative nanoparticle-based inks to give relevant characteristics to the printed device, e.g., conductivity, insulating properties, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity [4,5]. The method was even used to functionalize the printed devices with DNA-, enzyme-, and antibody-based inks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet Printed Interdigitated Biosensor for Easy and Rapid Detection of Bacteriophage Contamination: A Preliminary Study for Milk Processing Control Applications

Rosati

Cunego²,

Fracchetti³

et al. 2019

Chemosensors

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Bacteriophages are responsible for significant material and time losses in the dairy industry. This because these viruses infect the selected lactic starter cultures used for milk fermentation, i.e., the first stage toward cheese production. Standard detection techniques are time- and labor-consuming, causing huge costs related to production plant sanitation and product wasting. A new type of biosensor for early detection of bacteriophage contamination is highly demanded by the milk processing market, and inkjet-printed electrochemical sensors could be the answer. Inkjet printing is a well-known technology that has been revisited in recent years, using silver nanoparticle (AgNP) based inks for low-cost and easy fabrication of sensing and biosensing systems on flexible and eco-compatible substrates. In this research, we studied inkjet printing for the manufacturing of both interdigitated electrodes arrays (IDEAs), and a versatile system to monitor bacterial cultures by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In particular, we studied this biosensing system for the detection of bacteriophages by comparing its performance with standard microbiological methods. We performed electrical and morphological characterizations of the devices produced with a consumer-use inkjet printer with commercial AgNPs ink on flexible substrates, such as office paper, polyethylene (PET), and photo paper. We used light microscopy optical analysis, profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging to define the objects resolution, their real dimensions, and thickness. We also investigated the devices’ conductivity and layout, by EIS measurements with a standard buffer solution, i.e., phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Finally, we tested our system by monitoring Lactococcus lactis cultures and bacteriophage infection. We compared the results to those obtained by two standard microbiological methods in terms of response time, proving that our technique requires less than half the time of other methods and no specialized personnel.

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Inkjet-printed Ag electrodes on paper for high sensitivity impedance measurements

Abstract: Paper electrodes, fabricated by a standard office inkjet printer, show a high sensitivity enhancement for impedance measurement.

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Direct Toner Printing: A Versatile Technology for Easy Fabrication of Flexible Miniaturized Electrodes

Direct Toner Printing: A Versatile Technology for Easy Fabrication of Flexible Miniaturized Electrodes

Engineering of Printable and Air‐Stable Silver Electrodes with High Work Function using Contact Primer Layer: From Organometallic Interphases to Sharp Interfaces

Inkjet Printed Interdigitated Biosensor for Easy and Rapid Detection of Bacteriophage Contamination: A Preliminary Study for Milk Processing Control Applications

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