Inlet patch: Associations with endoscopic findings in the upper gastrointestinal system

Abstract

Patients with inlet patch seem to have predisposing factors for gastroesophageal reflux, and Barrett's esophagus is found more frequently in those patients. H. pylori colonization is involved in ectopic gastric tissue less frequently than in gastric tissue.

Non-erosive reflux disease rather than cervical inlet patch involves globus

“…CIPs were found with a high prevalence (13.8%) in this study; however, the prevalence has been reported to be 1.0-5.1%, even in recent studies [17,[23][24][25], and generally varies from 0.1 to 10% [10]. This conflict may represent a difference in the visualization of the CIP between whitelight imaging and NBI.…”

Symptomatic gastric inlet patches in children treated with argon plasma coagulation: a case series

“…The prevalence of GIP in several large series of adults has ranged from 1.7-3.6% [22][23][24] and in the sole pediatric study it was reported to be 5.9% of 407 endoscopies. 4 The prevalence of the identification of GIP seems to be linked to the degree of awareness of the endoscopist.…”

Heterotopic Gastric Mucosal Patch of the Proximal Esophagus

“…In contrast, MUC5AC positivity was noted on the surface, pits and the glands of Barrett's esophagus. The HGMP/CIP can also be colonized by Helicobacter pylori and the patches are subjected to changes that are seen in the stomach (Akbayir et al, 2004;Alagozlu et al, 2010;BorhanManesh & Franum, 1991Gutierrez et al, 2003;Jacobs et al, 1997;Maconi et al, 2000;Poyrazoglu et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2004;Yüksel et al, 2008). Chronic inflammatory changes can be seen and progression to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and malignant transformation have been reported (Borhan-Manesh & Franum, 1991).…”

“…One study showed that the body or fundus mucosa type parietal cells is the most common accounting for 50 to 65% with the antral type and mixed transition type accounting for 20 to 25% respectively (Borhan-Manesh & Franum, 1991). Presence of acid producing parietal mucosa have been associated with acid production (Galan et al, 1998;Hamilton et al, 1986;Korkut et al, 2010;Yüksel et al, 2008). Mucin is also secreted (Bajbouj et al, 2009;Bogomoletz et al, 1988).…”

“…The prevalence of any symptoms, typically those considered extra-esophageal symptoms complex of gastroesophageal reflux such as chronic cough, throat irritation or sore throat, regurgitation, globus pharyngeus, dysphagia or hoarseness ranges from very low to as high as 75% (Chong & Jalihal, 2010;Maconi et al, 2000). HGMP/CIP like other ectopic gastric mucosal have been proven to be able to secrete acid in sufficient quantity to induce inflammatory changes and acid related symptoms (Baudet et al, 2006;Galan et al, 1998;Hamilton et al, 1986;Korkut et al, 2010;Nakalima et al, 1993;Yüksel et al, 2008). Acid is the main cause of symptoms in patients with HGMP/CIP.…”