“…The assessment of IGG includes a single indicator measurement and multidimensional comprehensive evaluation. Based on the neoclassical growth theory, many scholars adopt green total factor productivity to measure IGG (Ai, Hu, & Li, 2021;Färe, 2001;Gao et al, 2021;Liu, Hou, Gao, & Tan, 2020;Yang, Jia, & Yang, 2021). However, using a single index evaluation (SIE) has a drawback in that it cannot reveal the multi-dimensional and comprehensive characteristics of IGG.…”