Innovation and the international diffusion of environmentally responsive technology

Lanjouw, Jean O.; Mody, Ashoka

doi:10.1016/0048-7333(95)00853-5

Cited by 760 publications

(459 citation statements)

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“…Brunnermeier and Cohen focus specifically on Ch. 21 Lanjouw and Mody (1996) use the International Patent Classification (IPC) to identify several key environmental patent classes. Using patent data from the United States, Japan, Germany, and 14 low-and middle-income countries, they find that environmentally friendly innovation increases as pollution abatement cost expenditures in the country increase.…”

Section: Empirical Evidence On Induced Innovation In Pollution Abatemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, the Environment, and Technological Change

Popp

Newell

Jaffe

2010

Handbook of the Economics of Innovation

336

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Section: Empirical Evidence On Induced Innovation In Pollution Abatemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, the Environment, and Technological Change

Popp

Newell

Jaffe

2010

Handbook of the Economics of Innovation

336

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“…Since a patent is only valid in jurisdictions where it is granted, inventors must file a patent with the competent authority in each of the countries where they wish to protect their technology, a process known as non-resident patent filing (NRPF) when these countries differ from the one of the inventor. NRPF has been widely used in recent years as a measure of the transfer of new technology from source to recipient countries (Dekker et al 2010;Lanjouw and Mody 1996;Perkins and Neumayer 2011;Eaton and Kortum 1999;Popp et al 2007;Dechezleprêtre et al 2010;Chan 2010;Yang and Kuo 2007). 3 We follow a similar approach in the present paper, using the number of patents invented in country i and patented in country j as an indicator of the number of inventions transferred from country i to country j.…”

Section: International Technology Transfer and The Patent Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one of the first studies of its kind, Lanjouw and Mody (1996) show that imports of pollution control equipment are correlated with environmental 4 75 per cent of inventions are patented in only one country. regulatory stringency, as proxied by pollution abatement expenditure.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lanjouw and Mody (1996) provide descriptive statistics to support the idea that foreign patenting of pollution control technology in developing countries has been undertaken in order to protect owners' intellectual property in export markets. A number of qualitative case-studies also support the idea that exporting to foreign markets has induced the transfer of ESTs (Perkins 2007).…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another motivating factor is that while the existing literature has demonstrated a link between environmental regulation and green technological innovation (Jaffe and Palmer 1997;Newell et al 1999;Popp 2002;Brunnermeier and Cohen 2003;Carrion-Flores and Innes 2010;Verdolini and Galeotti 2011), it has not always produced convincing insights into the assumed impact of environmental regulatory stringency on cross-border transfers of new ESTs. In part, this is because past studies have mostly relied on proxies of environmental regulation, and/or small country samples (Lanjouw and Mody 1996;Popp 2006). Equally important, the majority of previous studies have assumed an unambiguously positive relationship between environmental regulatory stringency and the transfer of environmentally sound technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulatory Distance and the Transfer of New Environmentally Sound Technologies: Evidence from the Automobile Sector

2012

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SummaryThis article examines the impact of environmental regulation within countries as well as regulatory distance between countries on international technology transfer. We employ a recently-assembled dataset of automobile emission standards and corresponding data on non-resident patent filing of automotive environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) in 49 countries between 1992 and 2007. Our analysis shows that an important factor shaping transfers is relative regulatory distance in that countries are more likely to receive newlyinnovated technologies from source countries whose regulatory standards are "closer" to their own. Absolute stringency matters as well, consistent with conventional wisdom, although raising domestic environmental standards as such only leads to higher inflows of ESTs in developing countries. Novel to the literature, we show that regulatory standards in the third markets of a country's trading partners also influence transfers: countries receive more ESTs from a specific source country where they export more to markets whose regulatory standards are similar to those of the source country of the transferred technologies. As concerns both domestic regulation and regulation in a country's major export markets, it is therefore regulatory distance that matters most rather than absolute regulatory levels. This article examines the impact of environmental regulation within countries as well as regulatory distance between countries on international technology transfer. We employ a recently-assembled dataset of automobile emission standards and corresponding data on non-resident patent filing of automotive environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) in 49 countries between 1992 and 2007. Our analysis shows that an important factor shaping transfers is relative regulatory distance in that countries are more likely to receive newly-innovated technologies from source countries whose regulatory standards are "closer" to their own. Absolute stringency matters as well, consistent with conventional wisdom, although raising domestic environmental standards as such only leads to higher inflows of ESTs in developing countries. Novel to the literature, we show that regulatory standards in the third markets of a country's trading partners also influence transfers: countries receive more ESTs from a specific source country where they export more to markets whose regulatory standards are similar to those of the source country of the transferred technologies. As concerns both domestic regulation and regulation in a country's major export markets, it is therefore regulatory distance that matters most rather than absolute regulatory levels. Keywords

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Environmental Innovation and Ecodesign

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Innovation and the international diffusion of environmentally responsive technology

Cited by 760 publications

References 1 publication

Energy, the Environment, and Technological Change

Energy, the Environment, and Technological Change

Regulatory Distance and the Transfer of New Environmentally Sound Technologies: Evidence from the Automobile Sector

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