Innovations In Catalysis Create Environmentally Friendly THF Process

Haggin, Joseph

doi:10.1021/cen-v073n014.p020

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The product V 3 O 6 + ·C 4 H 4 involves dehydrogenation, and perhaps rearrangement, of butadiene; in fact, it is postulated that the structure resembles V 3 O 5 + ·C 4 H 4 O, where C 4 H 4 O has a structure similar to furan, which is associated to the V 3 O 5 + cluster surface. Formation of organic compounds from the reactions of 1,3-butadiene with oxygen-containing compounds is highly exothermic, and formation of furan-like intermediates from butadiene-like precursors in their reactions with vanadium phosphorus oxides has been proposed . The ability of certain vanadium oxide clusters to oxidize hydrocarbons into oxygen-containing neutral products is supported by the above reaction process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reactivities and Collision-Induced Dissociation of Vanadium Oxide Cluster Cations

et al. 1998

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Reactivities and collision-induced dissociation of vanadium oxide cluster cations are investigated using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with a laser vaporization source. The dominant peaks in the mass distribution correspond to cluster ions with stoichiometries of (VO 2 ) n (V 2 O 5 ) m (O 2 ) q + . Collision-induced dissociation studies of the vanadium oxide species V 2 O 4-6 + , V 3 O 6-9 + , V 4 O 8-10 + , V 5 O 11-13 + , V 6 O 13-15 + , and V 7 O 16-18 + show that VO 2 , VO 3 , and V 2 O 5 units are the main building blocks for most of these clusters. The reaction pathways observed for these vanadium oxide clusters include molecular association, cracking, dehydration, and oxygenation of the neutral hydrocarbons with the reactivities of specific clusters differing from species to species. For example, V 3 O 7 + is very efficient in the dehydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene and in the cracking of 1-butene. On the other hand, V 3 O 6 + produces only molecular association products with these same reactants. To help explain these differences in reactivity, calculations on the molecular structure of some of these cluster ions were also undertaken, and the findings are presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reactivities and Collision-Induced Dissociation of Vanadium Oxide Cluster Cations

et al. 1998

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“…For example, a new, more-selective transport riser-regenerator process for oxidation of n-butane to maleic acid has been discussed (Lerou and Ng, 1997). The process concept was based on the "nding that the reaction proceeds via a redox mechanism that involves oxygen on the surface of the vanadium pyrophosphate catalyst (Haggin, 1995). Computational chemistry is providing insights on how the oxygen interacts on the catalyst surface.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally friendly processes

Pereira

1999

Chemical Engineering Science

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Environmental concerns have raised public awareness of environmental issues and are driving forces for regulation. The impact of regulation on the cost of production is expected to become important in determining the international competitiveness of the US chemical industry. In response to cost pressures, industry has launched a number of initiatives aimed at improving e$ciency and reducing environmental impact. Some of these environmental success stories are receiving increased national attention due to programs such as the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards Program. In addition to traditional metrics for evaluating process performance, such as productivity, environmental considerations increasingly are important in process development. Chemical processes evolve through life cycle phases, beginning with research, and then moving to process engineering, plant operation, and eventually, decommissioning. The number of technology options available for reducing environmental impact are highest early on in the life cycle and then decrease drastically. In contrast, costs associated with resolving an environmental problem typically increase exponentially as the process matures and the scale of equipment gets larger. There is, therefore, a considerable incentive to address and resolve environmental issues early in the life cycle. Chemical reactions responsible for producing high value-added products are, in most cases, also responsible for generating by-products and pollutants. New chemical and biochemical approaches are providing new reaction concepts. As in the development of traditional chemical and petrochemical processes, reaction engineering, broadly de"ned as the "eld that quanti"es the engineering aspects of chemically reactive systems, is providing enabling tools that accelerate the development of environmentally friendly processes. Core reaction engineering methods are being utilized for kinetic modeling, reactor selection, scale-up, and design. Meanwhile, the research frontiers are providing new reaction engineering tools, from computational chemistry to probe the nature of catalytic active sites to computational #uid dynamics modeling for designing the internals of reaction-separation systems. The long-term goal is to develop processes having 100% raw materials utilization, or zero waste. The near-term strategy for controlling emissions is to institute pollution prevention programs and install cost-e!ective end-of-pipe technologies. These technologies typically control generic classes of air pollutant emissions such as carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO V) and sulfur oxides (SO V). Technologies for treating wastewater are also available. Over time, a shift in focus is expected, from mere compliance to a point where environmentalism, like safety, is fully integrated into the corporate culture. The present paper discusses the role of reaction engineering in the development of environmentally-friendly processes. Select examples of processes, from the author's exper...

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“…The contemporary interest in the vanadium phosphate system derives from the catalytic applications of the vanadyl pyrophosphate, [(VO) 2 P 2 O 7 ], in the selective oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In recent years, a number of ''naked'' oxovanadium phosphate phases (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), as well as V-P-O materials incorporating a variety of heterometal cations and exhibiting one- (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), two- (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), or three-dimensional structures , have been characterized.…”

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confidence: 99%