Innovative chemically bonded ionic liquids-based sol–gel coatings as highly porous, stable and selective stationary phases for solid phase microextraction

Application of ionic liquid for extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from plants

“…Recently, some researchers have used silica coated with ILs as a sorbent for the SPME of volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, followed by GC analysis with flame ionization detection (FID) in some samples except for plant samples [153][154][155][156][157][158]. The IL prevents the direct coupling of IL-based LPME with GC because the injection of ILs into GC can contaminate the GC column.…”

Development of Novel Solid-Phase Microextraction Fibers

“…IL was also chemically bonded on a fuse silica fiber by using 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as a cross-linker [44]. In other works, reusable IL-based SPME fibers were also prepared by chemically bonding allyl-ILs to sol-gel substrates [45][46][47][48][49], or using 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-ILs as solgel precursors [49,50]. Electrodeposition of aniline at the presence of ILs in aniline solution could prepare fibrous nanostructured polyaniline-IL composites, which were also stable for repeated uses [51,52].…”

Ordered mesoporous carbon/Nafion as a versatile and selective solid-phase microextraction coating

“…Generally, SPME can be performed through commercial SPME device with several commercial fiber coatings like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyacrylate (PA), and PDMS/divinylbenzene (DVB) [3,4]. In addition, some task-specific SPME coatings such as molecularly imprinted polymers [5][6][7][8], conducting polymers [9][10][11][12], ionic liquids [13][14][15][16], sol-gel materials [17][18][19], biosorbents [20,21], and nanomaterials (NMs) [22][23][24] with enhanced extraction efficiency, selectivity, and chemical stability were developed to accomplish the extraction of a wide range of analytes in different matrixes. Among the tested SPME coatings, NMs including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles [25][26][27][28], metal-organic frameworks [29][30][31], siliceous NMs [32,33], and carbonaceous NMs (CNMs) [34] have received much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties.…”