Innovative Densification Process of a Fe-Cr-C Powder Metallurgy Steel

Abstract

In this study, the efficacy of an innovative ultra-fast sintering technique called electro-sinter-forging (ESF) was evaluated in the densification of Fe-Cr-C steel. Although ESF proved to be effective in densifying several different metallic materials and composites, it has not yet been applied to powder metallurgy Fe-Cr-C steels. Pre-alloyed Astaloy CrM powders have been ad-mixed with either graphite or graphene and then processed by ESF. By properly tuning the process parameters, final densities higher than 99% were obtained. Mechanical properties such as hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were tested on samples produced by employing different process parameters and then submitted to different post-treatments (machining, heat treatment). A final transverse rupture strength up to 1340 ± 147 MPa was achieved after heat treatment, corresponding to a hardness of 852 ± 41 HV. The experimental characterization highlighted that porosity is the main factor affecting the samples’ mechanical resistance, correlating linearly with the transverse rupture strength. Conversely, it is not possible to establish a similar interdependency between hardness and mechanical resistance, since porosity has a higher effect on the final properties.

Characterization of AlSi10Mg- CP-Ti Metal-metal Composite Materials Produced by Electro-sinter-forging

“…As observed in previous research on Nitinol [17] and on a modified 100Cr6 [18], employing a rapid capacitive sintering process where powders are enclosed in a confined die helps hinder the reactivity of the processed powders with the environmental atmosphere. The fraction of light elements such as O, N, H, and C does not differ significantly from powders to dense material (Table 1); the pre and post-sintered values are, in fact, comparable if uncertainty is taken into account.…”

“…Currently, there are no studies regarding the densification of metal-metal composites via sintering techniques based on capacitive discharge in literature: for this reason, electrosinter-forging (ESF) was chosen. Besides being an emerging near-net-shaped technology with high potentialities in terms of productivity and environmental footprint control [14], there are several studies in literature exploiting the potentialities of ESF in the manufacturing of a wide range of metals and alloys such as precious alloy metals parts [15], memory shape alloys [16] and steels [17,18].…”

Obtaining Excellent Mechanical Properties in an Ultrahigh-Strength Stainless Bearing Steel via Solution Treatment

“…A hardenable ultrahigh-strength stainless steel, CSS-42L was designed for bearing tions and other components, such as cams, shafts, bolts, and gears for use both temperatures and in corrosive atmospheres [4]. In addition, other alternative bearing materials [12], such as 60NiTi and Cronidur30, and new processing tech such as the ultra-fast sintering technique called electrosinter-forging (ESF) [13], ar still in the research and development stage.…”

A Comprehensive Review of the Current Research Status of Biodegradable Zinc Alloys and Composites for Biomedical Applications

“…Additive manufacturing can not only effectively and precisely attain macrostructures with a customized form, but can also deliver microstructures such as interconnected micropores or the diverse distribution of materials by specifically melting/bonding separate materials layer by layer with accuracy through computer monitoring ( Figure 14 ) [ 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ]. Porous Zn manufacturing is especially appealing because this material could be beneficial in various biological applications, such as the production of bioresorbable, tissue-engineered bone scaffolds, and additive manufacturing can be considered a perfect strategy for tissue engineering and bio-fabrication [ 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 ].…”