Innovative Nomogram Approach to Enhance the Prediction of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children via Magnetic-Controlled Capsule Endoscopy

Abstract

Background Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections, which are associated with various gastrointestinal diseases in children. The traditional Kyoto gastritis scoring system, though effective, requires adaptation for non-invasive techniques like magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy to enhance early diagnosis and improve patient comfort. Methods This retrospective study involved 474 pediatric patients who underwent magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy coupled with a 13C urea breath test at the Children’s Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to December 2023. Utilizing the Kyoto gastritis scoring system, adapted for magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy, we evaluated its effectiveness in diagnosing HP infection. To enhance diagnostic precision, a nomogram was developed that integrates these gastritis scores with demographic and clinical variables, providing a comprehensive tool for assessing the risk of HP infection. Results Our findings indicate that a Kyoto gastritis score of ≥ 2 has a high predictive accuracy for HP infection, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.755 (95% CI: 0.697–0.813). The study highlighted Kyoto gastritis score and white mucous as significant predictors of infection, with odds ratios of 5.94(95% CI: 3.40-10.49) and 2.78 (95% CI: 1.65–4.71), respectively. A predictive model incorporating these factors alongside demographic and clinical variables demonstrated robust diagnostic potential. The nomogram, incorporating these factors, showed robust diagnostic potential and improved the predictive accuracy. Conclusions The adapted Kyoto gastritis scoring system for magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy offers a promising approach for the early detection of HP infection in children. By integrating multiple diagnostic indicators from non-invasive magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy, this model enhances early diagnostic accuracy and can significantly reduce discomfort and risks associated with traditional endoscopic procedures.